GPR4

G protein-coupled receptor 4

Identifiers

External IDs

OMIM: 600551 MGI: 2441992 HomoloGene: 3867 IUPHAR: 84 GeneCards: GPR4 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane
Biological process	• G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 19:
45.59 – 45.6 Mb

Chr 7:
19.21 – 19.22 Mb

PubMed search

G-protein coupled receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR4 gene.^[1]^[2]

References

↑ Mahadevan MS, Baird S, Bailly JE, Shutler GG, Sabourin LA, Tsilfidis C, Neville CE, Narang M, Korneluk RG (Apr 1996). "Isolation of a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPR4) localized to chromosome 19q13.3". Genomics 30 (1): 84–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.0013. PMID 8595909.
↑ "Entrez Gene: GPR4 G protein-coupled receptor 4".

An S, Tsai C, Goetzl EJ (1996). "Cloning, sequencing and tissue distribution of two related G protein-coupled receptor candidates expressed prominently in human lung tissue.". FEBS Lett. 375 (1–2): 121–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(95)01196-L. PMID 7498459.
Heiber M, Docherty JM, Shah G, et al. (1995). "Isolation of three novel human genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors". DNA Cell Biol. 14 (1): 25–35. doi:10.1089/dna.1995.14.25. PMID 7832990.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Lum H, Qiao J, Walter RJ, et al. (2003). "Inflammatory stress increases receptor for lysophosphatidylcholine in human microvascular endothelial cells". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 285 (4): H1786–9. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00359.2003. PMID 12805023.
Ludwig MG, Vanek M, Guerini D, et al. (2003). "Proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors". Nature 425 (6953): 93–8. doi:10.1038/nature01905. PMID 12955148.
Bektas M, Barak LS, Jolly PS, et al. (2003). "The G protein-coupled receptor GPR4 suppresses ERK activation in a ligand-independent manner". Biochemistry 42 (42): 12181–91. doi:10.1021/bi035051y. PMID 14567679.
Sin WC, Zhang Y, Zhong W, et al. (2004). "G protein-coupled receptors GPR4 and TDAG8 are oncogenic and overexpressed in human cancers". Oncogene 23 (37): 6299–303. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207838. PMID 15221007.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Kim KS, Ren J, Jiang Y, et al. (2005). "GPR4 plays a critical role in endothelial cell function and mediates the effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine". FASEB J. 19 (7): 819–21. doi:10.1096/fj.04-2988fje. PMID 15857892.
Qiao J, Huang F, Naikawadi RP, et al. (2006). "Lysophosphatidylcholine impairs endothelial barrier function through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR4". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 291 (1): L91–101. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00508.2005. PMID 16461426.
Huang F, Mehta D, Predescu S, et al. (2007). "A novel lysophospholipid- and pH-sensitive receptor, GPR4, in brain endothelial cells regulates monocyte transmigration". Endothelium 14 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1080/10623320601177288. PMID 17364894.
Zou Y, Kim CH, Chung JH, et al. (2007). "Upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules by lysophosphatidylcholine. Involvement of G protein-coupled receptor GPR4". FEBS J. 274 (10): 2573–84. doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05792.x. PMID 17437524.
Tobo M, Tomura H, Mogi C, et al. (2007). "Previously postulated "ligand-independent" signaling of GPR4 is mediated through proton-sensing mechanisms". Cell. Signal. 19 (8): 1745–53. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.03.009. PMID 17462861.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

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GPR4

See also

References

Further reading