OPN3

Opsin 3

Identifiers

OPN3 ; ECPN; PPP1R116

External IDs

OMIM: 606695 MGI: 1338022 HomoloGene: 40707 IUPHAR: 160 GeneCards: OPN3 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity • G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity • photoreceptor activity
Cellular component	• integral component of plasma membrane • integral component of membrane
Biological process	• G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • phototransduction • detection of light stimulus • detection of visible light • protein-chromophore linkage • regulation of circadian rhythm
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1:
241.59 – 241.68 Mb

Chr 1:
175.66 – 175.69 Mb

PubMed search

Opsin-3 also known as encephalopsin or panopsin^[1] is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the OPN3 gene.^[2]^[3]^[4] Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms.^[5]

Function

Opsins are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. In addition to the visual opsins, mammals possess several photoreceptive non-visual opsins that are expressed in tissues outside the eye. The opsin-3 gene is strongly expressed in brain and testis and weakly expressed in liver, placenta, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. The gene is expressed in the skin^[5] and may also be expressed in the retina. The protein has the canonical features of a photoreceptive opsin protein.^[4]

References

↑ Koyanagi M, Takada E, Nagata T, Tsukamoto H, Terakita A (Mar 2013). "Homologs of vertebrate Opn3 potentially serve as a light sensor in nonphotoreceptive tissue". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 (13): 4998–5003. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219416110. PMID 23479626.
↑ Blackshaw S, Snyder SH (May 1999). "Encephalopsin: a novel mammalian extraretinal opsin discretely localized in the brain". The Journal of Neuroscience 19 (10): 3681–90. PMID 10234000.
↑ Halford S, Freedman MS, Bellingham J, Inglis SL, Poopalasundaram S, Soni BG, Foster RG, Hunt DM (Mar 2001). "Characterization of a novel human opsin gene with wide tissue expression and identification of embedded and flanking genes on chromosome 1q43". Genomics 72 (2): 203–8. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6469. PMID 11401433.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: OPN3 opsin 3 (encephalopsin, panopsin)".
1 2 Haltaufderhyde K, Ozdeslik RN, Wicks NL, Najera JA, Oancea E (January 2015). "Opsin expression in human epidermal skin". Photochemistry and Photobiology 91 (1): 117–23. doi:10.1111/php.12354. PMID 25267311.

Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Halford S, Bellingham J, Ocaka L, Fox M, Johnson S, Foster RG, Hunt DM (2002). "Assignment of panopsin (OPN3) to human chromosome band 1q43 by in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybrids". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 95 (3-4): 234–5. doi:10.1159/000059351. PMID 12063405.
Kasper G, Taudien S, Staub E, Mennerich D, Rieder M, Hinzmann B, Dahl E, Schwidetzky U, Rosenthal A, Rump A (Jul 2002). "Different structural organization of the encephalopsin gene in man and mouse". Gene 295 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00799-0. PMID 12242008.
Alam NA, Gorman P, Jaeger EE, Kelsell D, Leigh IM, Ratnavel R, Murdoch ME, Houlston RS, Aaltonen LA, Roylance RR, Tomlinson IP (Dec 2003). "Germline deletions of EXO1 do not cause colorectal tumors and lesions which are null for EXO1 do not have microsatellite instability". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 147 (2): 121–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(03)00196-1. PMID 14623461.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Eye proteins

Opsin (retinylidene protein)

visual	Rhodopsin Photopsin (OPN1LW OPN1MW/OPN1MW2 OPN1SW)

nonvisual	Melanopsin OPN3 OPN5 RRH RGR

Crystallin

Alpha (A
B)
Beta (A1
A2
A4
B1
B2
B3)
Gamma (A
B
C
D
N
S)

Other

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

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OPN3

Function

References

Further reading