Retinal G protein coupled receptor

Identifiers

RGR ; RP44

External IDs

OMIM: 600342 MGI: 1929473 HomoloGene: 37709 GeneCards: RGR Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity • chemokine receptor activity • protein binding • photoreceptor activity
Cellular component	• integral component of plasma membrane
Biological process	• chemotaxis • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • visual perception • phototransduction • protein-chromophore linkage • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 10:
84.25 – 84.26 Mb

Chr 14:
37.04 – 37.05 Mb

PubMed search

RPE-retinal G protein-coupled receptor also known as RGR-opsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RGR gene.^[1]^[2]

Function

RGR-opsin is a member of the rhodopsin-like receptor subfamily of GPCR. Like other opsins which bind retinaldehyde, it contains a conserved lysine residue in the seventh transmembrane domain.^[3]^[4] RGR-opsin preferentially binds all-trans-retinal,^[4] which is the dominant form in the dark adapted retina,upon light exposure it is isomerized to 11-cis-retinal.^[5] Therefore, RGR-opsin presumably acts as a photoisomerase to convert all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal, similar to retinochrome in invertebrates. 11-cis-retinal is isomerized back within rhodopsin and the iodopsins in the rods and cones of the retina. RGR-opsin is exclusively expressed in tissue close to the rods and cones, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller cells.^[3] RGR-opsin may be associated with autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (arRP and adRP, respectively). RGR-opsin comes in different isoforms produced by alternative splicing.^[2]

Interactions

RGR-opsin has been shown to interact with KIAA1279.^[6]

References

↑ Chen XN, Korenberg JR, Jiang M, Shen D, Fong HK (Jun 1996). "Localization of the human RGR opsin gene to chromosome 10q23". Human Genetics 97 (6): 720–2. doi:10.1007/BF02346179. PMID 8641686.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: RGR retinal G protein coupled receptor".
1 2 Jiang M, Pandey S, Fong HK (Dec 1993). "An opsin homologue in the retina and pigment epithelium". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 34 (13): 3669–78. PMID 8258527.
1 2 Shen D, Jiang M, Hao W, Tao L, Salazar M, Fong HK (Nov 1994). "A human opsin-related gene that encodes a retinaldehyde-binding protein". Biochemistry 33 (44): 13117–25. doi:10.1021/bi00248a022. PMID 7947717.
↑ Hao, W; Fong, HK (5 March 1999). "The endogenous chromophore of retinal G protein-coupled receptor opsin from the pigment epithelium.". The Journal of biological chemistry 274 (10): 6085–90. PMID 10037690.
↑ Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (Oct 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.

Jiang M, Shen D, Tao L, Pandey S, Heller K, Fong HK (Apr 1995). "Alternative splicing in human retinal mRNA transcripts of an opsin-related protein". Experimental Eye Research 60 (4): 401–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-4835(05)80096-X. PMID 7789419.
Shen D, Jiang M, Hao W, Tao L, Salazar M, Fong HK (Nov 1994). "A human opsin-related gene that encodes a retinaldehyde-binding protein". Biochemistry 33 (44): 13117–25. doi:10.1021/bi00248a022. PMID 7947717.
Morimura H, Saindelle-Ribeaudeau F, Berson EL, Dryja TP (Dec 1999). "Mutations in RGR, encoding a light-sensitive opsin homologue, in patients with retinitis pigmentosa". Nature Genetics 23 (4): 393–4. doi:10.1038/70496. PMID 10581022.
Chen P, Lee TD, Fong HK (Jun 2001). "Interaction of 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase with the chromophore of retinal g protein-coupled receptor opsin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (24): 21098–104. doi:10.1074/jbc.M010441200. PMID 11274198.
Yang M, Fong HK (Feb 2002). "Synthesis of the all-trans-retinal chromophore of retinal G protein-coupled receptor opsin in cultured pigment epithelial cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (5): 3318–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108946200. PMID 11723126.
Bellingham J, Wells DJ, Foster RG (Jan 2003). "In silico characterisation and chromosomal localisation of human RRH (peropsin)--implications for opsin evolution". BMC Genomics 4 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-4-3. PMC 149353. PMID 12542842.
Tarttelin EE, Bellingham J, Bibb LC, Foster RG, Hankins MW, Gregory-Evans K, Gregory-Evans CY, Wells DJ, Lucas RJ (Mar 2003). "Expression of opsin genes early in ocular development of humans and mice". Experimental Eye Research 76 (3): 393–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-4835(02)00300-7. PMID 12573668.
Bernal S, Calaf M, Garcia-Hoyos M, Garcia-Sandoval B, Rosell J, Adan A, Ayuso C, Baiget M (Jul 2003). "Study of the involvement of the RGR, CRPB1, and CRB1 genes in the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa". Journal of Medical Genetics 40 (7): e89. doi:10.1136/jmg.40.7.e89. PMC 1735523. PMID 12843338.
Zhu L, Imanishi Y, Filipek S, Alekseev A, Jastrzebska B, Sun W, Saperstein DA, Palczewski K (Aug 2006). "Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and E150K mutation in the opsin gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 281 (31): 22289–98. doi:10.1074/jbc.M602664200. PMC 1618956. PMID 16737970.
Lin MY, Kochounian H, Moore RE, Lee TD, Rao N, Fong HK (2007). "Deposition of exon-skipping splice isoform of human retinal G protein-coupled receptor from retinal pigment epithelium into Bruch's membrane". Molecular Vision 13: 1203–14. PMID 17679941.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Eye proteins

Opsin (retinylidene protein)

visual	Rhodopsin Photopsin (OPN1LW OPN1MW/OPN1MW2 OPN1SW)

nonvisual	Melanopsin OPN3 OPN5 RRH RGR

Crystallin

Alpha (A
B)
Beta (A1
A2
A4
B1
B2
B3)
Gamma (A
B
C
D
N
S)

Other

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

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Retinal G protein coupled receptor

Function

Interactions

References

Further reading