AP1S2

Adaptor-related protein complex 1, sigma 2 subunit
Identifiers
Symbols	AP1S2 ; DC22; MRX59; MRXS21; MRXS5; MRXSF; PGS; SIGMA1B
External IDs	OMIM: 300629 HomoloGene: 2908 GeneCards: AP1S2 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • protein transporter activity Cellular component • Golgi membrane • lysosomal membrane • cytosol • coated pit • AP-type membrane coat adaptor complex • cytoplasmic vesicle membrane • clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane • trans-Golgi network membrane Biological process • intracellular protein transport • post-Golgi vesicle-mediated transport • viral process • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II • regulation of defense response to virus by virus • membrane organization Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8905	108012
Ensembl	ENSG00000182287	ENSMUSG00000031367
UniProt	P56377	Q9DB50
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001272071	NM_001290378
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001259000	NP_001277307
Location (UCSC)	Chr X: 15.83 – 15.86 Mb	Chr X: 163.91 – 163.93 Mb
PubMed search

AP-1 complex subunit sigma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP1S2 gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

Adaptor protein complex 1 is found at the cytoplasmic face of coated vesicles located at the Golgi complex, where it mediates both the recruitment of clathrin to the membrane and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane receptors. This complex is a heterotetramer composed of two large, one medium, and one small adaptin subunit. The protein encoded by this gene serves as the small subunit of this complex and is a member of the adaptin protein family. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene.^[3]

References

1. Takatsu H, Sakurai M, Shin HW, Murakami K, Nakayama K (Sep 1998). "Identification and characterization of novel clathrin adaptor-related proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (38): 24693–700. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.38.24693. PMID 9733768.
2. Tarpey PS, Stevens C, Teague J, Edkins S, O'Meara S, Avis T, Barthorpe S, Buck G, Butler A, Cole J, Dicks E, Gray K, Halliday K, Harrison R, Hills K, Hinton J, Jones D, Menzies A, Mironenko T, Perry J, Raine K, Richardson D, Shepherd R, Small A, Tofts C, Varian J, West S, Widaa S, Yates A, Catford R, Butler J, Mallya U, Moon J, Luo Y, Dorkins H, Thompson D, Easton DF, Wooster R, Bobrow M, Carpenter N, Simensen RJ, Schwartz CE, Stevenson RE, Turner G, Partington M, Gecz J, Stratton MR, Futreal PA, Raymond FL (Dec 2006). "Mutations in the gene encoding the Sigma 2 subunit of the adaptor protein 1 complex, AP1S2, cause X-linked mental retardation". American Journal of Human Genetics 79 (6): 1119–24. doi:10.1086/510137. PMC 1698718. PMID 17186471.
3. "Entrez Gene: AP1S2 adaptor-related protein complex 1, sigma 2 subunit".

Further reading

• Kirchhausen T (2000). "Clathrin". Annual Review of Biochemistry 69: 699–727. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.699. PMID 10966473.
• Geyer M, Fackler OT, Peterlin BM (Jul 2001). "Structure--function relationships in HIV-1 Nef". EMBO Reports 2 (7): 580–5. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kve141. PMC 1083955. PMID 11463741.
• Bénichou S, Benmerah A (Jan 2003). "[The HIV nef and the Kaposi-sarcoma-associated virus K3/K5 proteins: "parasites"of the endocytosis pathway]". Médecine Sciences 19 (1): 100–6. doi:10.1051/medsci/2003191100. PMID 12836198.
• Kirchhausen T, Davis AC, Frucht S, Greco BO, Payne GS, Tubb B (Jun 1991). "AP17 and AP19, the mammalian small chains of the clathrin-associated protein complexes show homology to Yap17p, their putative homolog in yeast". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 266 (17): 11153–7. PMID 2040623.
• Craig HM, Pandori MW, Guatelli JC (Sep 1998). "Interaction of HIV-1 Nef with the cellular dileucine-based sorting pathway is required for CD4 down-regulation and optimal viral infectivity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (19): 11229–34. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.19.11229. PMC 21624. PMID 9736718.
• Bresnahan PA, Yonemoto W, Ferrell S, Williams-Herman D, Geleziunas R, Greene WC (Nov 1998). "A dileucine motif in HIV-1 Nef acts as an internalization signal for CD4 downregulation and binds the AP-1 clathrin adaptor". Current Biology 8 (22): 1235–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(07)00517-9. PMID 9811606.
• Greenberg M, DeTulleo L, Rapoport I, Skowronski J, Kirchhausen T (Nov 1998). "A dileucine motif in HIV-1 Nef is essential for sorting into clathrin-coated pits and for downregulation of CD4". Current Biology 8 (22): 1239–42. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(07)00518-0. PMID 9811611.
• Berlioz-Torrent C, Shacklett BL, Erdtmann L, Delamarre L, Bouchaert I, Sonigo P, Dokhelar MC, Benarous R (Feb 1999). "Interactions of the cytoplasmic domains of human and simian retroviral transmembrane proteins with components of the clathrin adaptor complexes modulate intracellular and cell surface expression of envelope glycoproteins". Journal of Virology 73 (2): 1350–61. PMC 103959. PMID 9882340.
• Wyss S, Berlioz-Torrent C, Boge M, Blot G, Höning S, Benarous R, Thali M (Mar 2001). "The highly conserved C-terminal dileucine motif in the cytosolic domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein is critical for its association with the AP-1 clathrin adaptor [correction of adapter]". Journal of Virology 75 (6): 2982–92. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.6.2982-2992.2001. PMC 115924. PMID 11222723.
• Doray B, Ghosh P, Griffith J, Geuze HJ, Kornfeld S (Sep 2002). "Cooperation of GGAs and AP-1 in packaging MPRs at the trans-Golgi network". Science 297 (5587): 1700–3. doi:10.1126/science.1075327. PMID 12215646.
• Janvier K, Craig H, Hitchin D, Madrid R, Sol-Foulon N, Renault L, Cherfils J, Cassel D, Benichou S, Guatelli J (Mar 2003). "HIV-1 Nef stabilizes the association of adaptor protein complexes with membranes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (10): 8725–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210115200. PMID 12486136.
• Coleman SH, Van Damme N, Day JR, Noviello CM, Hitchin D, Madrid R, Benichou S, Guatelli JC (Feb 2005). "Leucine-specific, functional interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef and adaptor protein complexes". Journal of Virology 79 (4): 2066–78. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.4.2066-2078.2005. PMC 546596. PMID 15681409.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (Oct 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
• Coleman SH, Hitchin D, Noviello CM, Guatelli JC (Feb 2006). "HIV-1 Nef stabilizes AP-1 on membranes without inducing ARF1-independent de novo attachment". Virology 345 (1): 148–55. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.045. PMID 16253302.