Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1

Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1
Identifiers
Symbols	CHRM1 ; HM1; M1; M1R
External IDs	OMIM: 118510 MGI: 88396 HomoloGene: 20189 IUPHAR: 13 ChEMBL: 216 GeneCards: CHRM1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity • drug binding • G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity Cellular component • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • postsynaptic density • membrane • cell junction • dendrite • asymmetric synapse • axon terminus • synapse • postsynaptic membrane Biological process • cellular protein modification process • signal transduction • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway • protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway • G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway • synaptic transmission, cholinergic • neuromuscular synaptic transmission • nervous system development • phototransduction, visible light • sensory perception of chemical stimulus • cell proliferation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • entrainment of circadian clock • positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • regulation of locomotion • positive regulation of ion transport • saliva secretion • cognition • positive regulation of intracellular protein transport Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1128	12669
Ensembl	ENSG00000168539	ENSMUSG00000032773
UniProt	P11229	P12657
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000738	NM_001112697
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000729	NP_001106167
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 62.91 – 62.92 Mb	Chr 19: 8.66 – 8.68 Mb
PubMed search

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M₁, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, is a muscarinic receptor.

This receptor is found mediating slow EPSP at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve,^[1] is common in exocrine glands and in the CNS.^[2][3]

It is predominantly found bound to G proteins of class G_q^[4][5] that use upregulation of phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as a signalling pathway. A receptor so bound would not be susceptible to CTX or PTX. However, G_i (causing a downstream decrease in cAMP) and G_s (causing an increase in cAMP) have also been shown to be involved in interactions in certain tissues, and so would be susceptible to PTX and CTX respectively.

Effects

• EPSP in autonomic ganglia
• Secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla^[6]
• Secretion from salivary glands
• Gastric acid secretion from stomach^[7]
• In CNS (memory?)^[8]
• Vagally-induced bronchoconstriction^[7]
• Mediating olfactory behaviors (e.g aggression, mating) ^[9]

Mechanism

It couples to G_q, and, to a small extent, G_i and G_s. This results in slow EPSP and decreased K⁺ conductance^[8][10] It is preassembled to the Gq heterotrimer through a polybasic c-terminal domain.^[4]

Ligands

Agonists

• Acetylcholine
• Carbachol^[8]
• Cevimeline
• Pilocarpine^[11]
• CDD-0097
• McN-A-343 - mixed M1/M4 agonist^[8]
• L-689,660 - mixed M1/M3 agonist
• Oxotremorine
• Vedaclidine
• Xanomeline
• Muscarine
• 77-LH-28-1 - brain penetrant selective M₁ allosteric agonist

Allosteric modulators

• benzylquinolone carboxylic acid^[12]
• VU-0090157^[13]
• VU-0029767^[13]

Antagonists

• atropine^[8]
• Hyoscyamine^[14]
• dicycloverine^[8]
• tolterodine^[8]
• oxybutynin^[8]
• ipratropium^[8]
• mamba toxin muscarinic toxin 7 (MT7)^[8]
• olanzapine
• pirenzepine
• telenzepine

Gene

The receptor is encoded by human gene CHRM1.^[7] It is localized to 11q13.^[7]

See also

• Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

References

1. Messer WS (2000-01-20). "Acetylcholine". University of Toledo. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-27.
2. Johnson G (2002). PDQ Pharmacology (2nd ed.). Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc. pp. 311 pages. ISBN 1-55009-109-3.
3. Richelson E (1995). "Cholinergic Transduction". In Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress: an official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (Fourth ed.). New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0781701662. Retrieved 2007-10-27.
4. Qin K, Dong C, Wu G, Lambert NA (August 2011). "Inactive-state preassembly of Gq-coupled receptors and Gq heterotrimers". Nature Chemical Biology 7 (11): 740–747. doi:10.1038/nchembio.642. PMC 3177959. PMID 21873996.
5. Burford NT, Nahorski SR (1996). "Muscarinic m1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by Gs alpha and is not a consequence of phosphoinositidase C activation". Biochem. J. 315 (Pt 3): 883–8. PMC 1217289. PMID 8645172.
6. Harada K, Matsuoka H, Miyata H, Matsui M, Inoue M (Mar 2015). "Identification of muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in catecholamine secretion in adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by genetic deletion". British Journal of Pharmacology 172 (5): 1348–59. doi:10.1111/bph.13011. PMID 25393049.
7. "Entrez Gene: CHRM1 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1".
8. Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK (2003). "10". Pharmacology (5th ed.). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p. 139. ISBN 0-443-07145-4.
9. Smith RS, Hu R, DeSouza A, Eberly CL, Krahe K, Chan W, Araneda RC (Jul 2015). "Differential Muscarinic Modulation in the Olfactory Bulb". The Journal of Neuroscience 35 (30): 10773–85. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0099-15.2015. PMID 26224860.
10. Uchimura N, North RA (1 March 1990). "Muscarine reduces inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones". J. Physiol. (Lond.) 422 (1): 369–80. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017989. PMC 1190137. PMID 1693682.
11. Hamilton SE, Loose MD, Qi M, Levey AI, Hille B, McKnight GS, Idzerda RL, Nathanson NM (1997). "Disruption of the m1 receptor gene ablates muscarinic receptor-dependent M current regulation and seizure activity in mice" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (24): 13311–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13311. PMC 24305. PMID 9371842.
12. Shirey JK, Brady AE, Jones PJ, Davis AA, Bridges TM, Kennedy JP, Jadhav SB, Menon UN, Xiang Z, Watson ML, Christian EP, Doherty JJ, Quirk MC, Snyder DH, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Nicolle MM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ (November 2009). "A selective allosteric potentiator of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor increases activity of medial prefrontal cortical neurons and restores impairments in reversal learning". J. Neurosci. 29 (45): 14271–86. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3930-09.2009. PMC 2811323. PMID 19906975.
13. Marlo JE, Niswender CM, Days EL, Bridges TM, Xiang Y, Rodriguez AL, Shirey JK, Brady AE, Nalywajko T, Luo Q, Austin CA, Williams MB, Kim K, Williams R, Orton D, Brown HA, Lindsley CW, Weaver CD, Conn PJ (2008). "Discovery and characterization of novel allosteric potentiators of M1 muscarinic receptors reveals multiple modes of activity". Mol. Pharmacol. 75 (3): 577–88. doi:10.1124/mol.108.052886. PMC 2684909. PMID 19047481.
14. Edwards Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Belcher Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (May 2010), DailyMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, retrieved January 13, 2013

Further reading

• Goyal RK (1989). "Muscarinic receptor subtypes. Physiology and clinical implications.". N. Engl. J. Med. 321 (15): 1022–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM198910123211506. PMID 2674717.
• Brann MR, Ellis J, Jørgensen H, Hill-Eubanks D, Jones SV (1994). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes: localization and structure/function.". Prog. Brain Res. 98: 121–7. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62388-2. PMID 8248499.
• Nitsch RM, Slack BE, Wurtman RJ, Growdon JH (1992). "Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.". Science 258 (5080): 304–7. doi:10.1126/science.1411529. PMID 1411529.
• Arden JR, Nagata O, Shockley MS, Philip M, Lameh J, Sadée W (1992). "Mutational analysis of third cytoplasmic loop domains in G-protein coupling of the HM1 muscarinic receptor.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188 (3): 1111–5. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(92)91346-R. PMID 1445347.
• Gutkind JS, Novotny EA, Brann MR, Robbins KC (1991). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes as agonist-dependent oncogenes.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (11): 4703–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.11.4703. PMC 51734. PMID 1905013.
• Chapman CG, Browne MJ (1990). "Isolation of the human ml (Hml) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor gene by PCR amplification.". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (8): 2191. doi:10.1093/nar/18.8.2191. PMC 330717. PMID 2336407.
• Ashkenazi A, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ (1989). "Acetylcholine analogue stimulates DNA synthesis in brain-derived cells via specific muscarinic receptor subtypes.". Nature 340 (6229): 146–50. doi:10.1038/340146a0. PMID 2739737.
• Bonner TI, Buckley NJ, Young AC, Brann MR (1987). "Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes.". Science 237 (4814): 527–32. doi:10.1126/science.3037705. PMID 3037705.
• Peralta EG, Ashkenazi A, Winslow JW, Smith DH, Ramachandran J, Capon DJ (1988). "Distinct primary structures, ligand-binding properties and tissue-specific expression of four human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.". EMBO J. 6 (13): 3923–9. PMC 553870. PMID 3443095.
• Allard WJ, Sigal IS, Dixon RA (1988). "Sequence of the gene encoding the human M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (24): 10604. doi:10.1093/nar/15.24.10604. PMC 339984. PMID 3697105.
• Svoboda P, Milligan G (1994). "Agonist-induced transfer of the alpha subunits of the guanine-nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins Gq and G11 and of muscarinic m1 acetylcholine receptors from plasma membranes to a light-vesicular membrane fraction.". Eur. J. Biochem. 224 (2): 455–62. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00455.x. PMID 7925360.
• Crespo P, Xu N, Daniotti JL, Troppmair J, Rapp UR, Gutkind JS (1994). "Signaling through transforming G protein-coupled receptors in NIH 3T3 cells involves c-Raf activation. Evidence for a protein kinase C-independent pathway.". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (33): 21103–9. PMID 8063729.
• Russell M, Winitz S, Johnson GL (1994). "Acetylcholine muscarinic m1 receptor regulation of cyclic AMP synthesis controls growth factor stimulation of Raf activity.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (4): 2343–51. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.4.2343. PMC 358601. PMID 8139539.
• Offermanns S, Wieland T, Homann D, Sandmann J, Bombien E, Spicher K, Schultz G, Jakobs KH (1994). "Transfected muscarinic acetylcholine receptors selectively couple to Gi-type G proteins and Gq/11.". Mol. Pharmacol. 45 (5): 890–8. PMID 8190105.
• Mullaney I, Mitchell FM, McCallum JF, Buckley NJ, Milligan G (1993). "The human muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor, when express in CHO cells, activates and downregulates both Gq alpha and G11 alpha equally and non-selectively.". FEBS Lett. 324 (2): 241–5. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81401-K. PMID 8508928.
• Courseaux A, Grosgeorge J, Gaudray P, Pannett AA, Forbes SA, Williamson C, Bassett D, Thakker RV, Teh BT, Farnebo F, Shepherd J, Skogseid B, Larsson C, Giraud S, Zhang CX, Salandre J, Calender A (1997). "Definition of the minimal MEN1 candidate area based on a 5-Mb integrated map of proximal 11q13. The European Consortium on Men1, (GENEM 1; Groupe d'Etude des Néoplasies Endocriniennes Multiples de type 1).". Genomics 37 (3): 354–65. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0570. PMID 8938448.
• Ishiyama A, López I, Wackym PA (1998). "Molecular characterization of muscarinic receptors in the human vestibular periphery. Implications for pharmacotherapy.". The American journal of otology 18 (5): 648–54. PMID 9303164.
• Ishizaka N, Noda M, Yokoyama S, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto M, Higashida H (1998). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the human iris.". Brain Res. 787 (2): 344–7. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(97)01554-0. PMID 9518684.

External links

• "Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic): M₁". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.