Histamine H2 receptor

Histamine receptor H2
Identifiers
Symbols	HRH2 ; H2R
External IDs	OMIM: 142703 MGI: 108482 HomoloGene: 40613 IUPHAR: 263 ChEMBL: 1941 GeneCards: HRH2 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gs • histamine receptor activity • dopamine binding Cellular component • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane Biological process • histamine-induced gastric acid secretion • gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion • synaptic transmission, dopaminergic • epithelial cell morphogenesis • immune response • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger • adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway • sensory perception of chemical stimulus • learning • memory • visual learning • positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of vasoconstriction • regulation of synaptic plasticity • digestive tract development • gland development • phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway • toxin transport Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3274	15466
Ensembl	ENSG00000113749	ENSMUSG00000034987
UniProt	P25021	P97292
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001131055	NM_001010973
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001124527	NP_001010973
Location (UCSC)	Chr 5: 175.66 – 175.69 Mb	Chr 13: 54.19 – 54.22 Mb
PubMed search

H₂ receptors are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase via G_s. It is a potent stimulant of cAMP production, which leads to activation of protein kinase A.^[1] PKA functions to phosphorylate certain proteins, affecting their activity. The drug betazole is an example of a histamine H₂ receptor agonist.

Function

Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons.^[1] Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H₁, H₂, H₃ and H₄. The histamine receptor H₂ belongs to the rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors. It is an integral membrane protein and stimulates gastric acid secretion. It also regulates gastrointestinal motility and intestinal secretion and is thought to be involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation.^[2]

Tissue distribution

It is found here:^[1]

• Gastric parietal cells (oxyntic cells)
• Vascular smooth muscle
• Neutrophils
• Central nervous system
• Heart
• Uterus

Physiological responses

Activation of the H₂ receptor results in the following physiological responses:

• Stimulation of gastric acid secretion (Target of anti-histaminergics (H₂ receptors) for peptic ulcer disease and GERD)
• Smooth muscle relaxation (Experimental histamine H₂ receptor agonist used for asthma and COPD)
• Inhibit antibody synthesis, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production
• Vasodilation – PKA activity causes phosphorylation of MLCK, decreasing its activity, resulting in MLC of myosin being dephosphorylated by MLCP and thus inhibiting contraction. The smooth muscle relaxation leads to vasodilation.^[3]

See also

• H₂-receptor antagonist

References

1. Hill SJ, Ganellin CR, Timmerman H, Schwartz JC, Shankley NP, Young JM, Schunack W, Levi R, Haas HL (Sep 1997). "International Union of Pharmacology. XIII. Classification of histamine receptors". Pharmacological Reviews 49 (3): 253–78. PMID 9311023.
2. "Entrez Gene: HRH2 histamine receptor H2".
3. Walter F., PhD. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 479

Further reading

• Del Valle J, Gantz I (Nov 1997). "Novel insights into histamine H2 receptor biology". The American Journal of Physiology 273 (5 Pt 1): G987–96. PMID 9374694.
• Gantz I, Munzert G, Tashiro T, Schäffer M, Wang L, DelValle J, Yamada T (Aug 1991). "Molecular cloning of the human histamine H2 receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 178 (3): 1386–92. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91047-G. PMID 1714721.
• Vannier E, Dinarello CA (Apr 1994). "Histamine enhances interleukin (IL)-1-induced IL-6 gene expression and protein synthesis via H2 receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 (13): 9952–6. PMID 7511596.
• Smit MJ, Timmerman H, Alewijnse AE, Punin M, van den Nieuwenhof I, Blauw J, van Minnen J, Leurs R (Sep 1995). "Visualization of agonist-induced internalization of histamine H2 receptors". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 214 (3): 1138–45. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2404. PMID 7575521.
• Nishi T, Koike T, Oka T, Maeda M, Futai M (May 1995). "Identification of the promoter region of the human histamine H2-receptor gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 210 (2): 616–23. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1703. PMID 7755641.
• Traiffort E, Vizuete ML, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Souil E, Schwartz JC, Ruat M (Jun 1995). "The guinea pig histamine H2 receptor: gene cloning, tissue expression and chromosomal localization of its human counterpart". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 211 (2): 570–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1851. PMID 7794271.
• Orange PR, Heath PR, Wright SR, Pearson RC (May 1996). "Allelic variations of the human histamine H2 receptor gene". NeuroReport 7 (7): 1293–6. doi:10.1097/00001756-199605170-00015. PMID 8817552.
• Elenkov IJ, Webster E, Papanicolaou DA, Fleisher TA, Chrousos GP, Wilder RL (Sep 1998). "Histamine potently suppresses human IL-12 and stimulates IL-10 production via H2 receptors". Journal of Immunology 161 (5): 2586–93. PMID 9725260.
• Murakami H, Sun-Wada GH, Matsumoto M, Nishi T, Wada Y, Futai M (May 1999). "Human histamine H2 receptor gene: multiple transcription initiation and tissue-specific expression". FEBS Letters 451 (3): 327–31. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00618-3. PMID 10371214.
• Wang LD, Wang M, Todisco A, Grand E, del Valle J (Jun 2000). "The human histamine H(2) receptor regulates c-jun and c-fos in a differential manner". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology 278 (6): C1246–55. PMID 10837353.
• Suh BC, Lee H, Jun DJ, Chun JS, Lee JH, Kim KT (Aug 2001). "Inhibition of H2 histamine receptor-mediated cation channel opening by protein kinase C in human promyelocytic cells". Journal of Immunology 167 (3): 1663–71. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1663. PMID 11466390.
• Brew OB, Sullivan MH (Sep 2001). "Localisation of mRNAs for diamine oxidase and histamine receptors H1 and H2, at the feto-maternal interface of human pregnancy". Inflammation Research 50 (9): 449–52. doi:10.1007/PL00000269. PMID 11603849.
• Shayo C, Fernandez N, Legnazzi BL, Monczor F, Mladovan A, Baldi A, Davio C (Nov 2001). "Histamine H2 receptor desensitization: involvement of a select array of G protein-coupled receptor kinases". Molecular Pharmacology 60 (5): 1049–56. PMID 11641433.
• Tanimoto A, Murata Y, Nomaguchi M, Kimura S, Arima N, Xu H, Hamada T, Sasaguri Y (Nov 2001). "Histamine increases the expression of LOX-1 via H2 receptor in human monocytic THP-1 cells". FEBS Letters 508 (3): 345–9. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03073-3. PMID 11728449.
• Gutzmer R, Langer K, Lisewski M, Mommert S, Rieckborn D, Kapp A, Werfel T (Mar 2002). "Expression and function of histamine receptors 1 and 2 on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 109 (3): 524–31. doi:10.1067/mai.2002.121944. PMID 11898002.
• Esbenshade TA, Kang CH, Krueger KM, Miller TR, Witte DG, Roch JM, Masters JN, Hancock AA (Feb 2003). "Differential activation of dual signaling responses by human H1 and H2 histamine receptors". Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research 23 (1): 17–31. doi:10.1081/RRS-120018758. PMID 12680587.

External links

• "Histamine Receptors: H₂". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
• H2 receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.