South African Class 15CA 4-8-2

No. 2802 at Esselen Park, 21 September 2009

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways
Builder	American Locomotive Company Baldwin Locomotive Works Società Italiana Ernesto Breda North British Locomotive Company
Serial number	ALCO 66986-67006 & 67007-67008 Baldwin 60828-60831 Breda 2236-2245 NBL 23774-23802, 24008-24025
Model	Class 15CA
Build date	1926-1929
Total produced	84

Specifications
Configuration	4-8-2 "Mountain"
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia	30 in (762 mm)
Driver diameter	57 in (1,448 mm) as built 60 in (1,524 mm) rewheeled
Trailing dia	34 in (864 mm)
Wheelbase	Total: 65 ft 3.1875 in (19,893 mm) Engine: 6 ft 10 in (2,083 mm) bogie 15 ft 9 in (4,801 mm) coupled 35 ft 8 in (10,871 mm) total Tender: 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) bogie 20 ft 5 in (6,223 mm) total
Length	73 ft 3.1875 in (22,331 mm)
Height	12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) as built 12 ft 11.5 in (3,950 mm) with 60" drivers
Frame	Bar frame
Axle load	As built 17.45 long tons (17.7 t) on 2nd driver (2039-2059, 2072-2073) 17.6 long tons (17.9 t) on 2nd driver (2074-2077, 2801-2839) 17.5 long tons (17.8 t) on 2nd driver (2840-2857) With 60" drivers 17.75 long tons (18.0 t) on 2nd driver (2039-2059, 2072-2073) 17.9 long tons (18.2 t) on 2nd driver (2074-2077, 2801-2839) 17.8 long tons (18.1 t) on 2nd driver (2840-2857)
Adhesive weight	As built 69.3 long tons (70.4 t) (2039-2059, 2072-2073) 70 long tons (71.1 t) (2074-2077, 2801-2839) 69.25 long tons (70.4 t) (2840-2857) With 60" drivers 70.35 long tons (71.5 t) (2039-2059, 2072-2073) 71.05 long tons (72.2 t) (2074-2077, 2801-2839) 70.3 long tons (71.4 t) (2840-2857)
Loco weight	As built 103.35 long tons (105.0 t) (2039-2059, 2072-2073) 104.15 long tons (105.8 t) (2074-2077, 2801-2839) 105.25 long tons (106.9 t) (2840-2857) With 60" drivers 104.4 long tons (106.1 t) (2039-2059, 2072-2073) 105.2 long tons (106.9 t) (2074-2077, 2801-2839) 106.3 long tons (108.0 t) (2840-2857)
Tender weight	68,888 lb (31.2 t) empty 69.4 long tons (70.5 t) w/o
Loco & tender weight	As built 210,224 lb (95.4 t) empty (2074-2077) 204,428 lb (92.7 t) empty (2039-2059, 2072-2073) With 60" drivers 212,576 lb (96.4 t) empty (2074-2077) 206,780 lb (93.8 t) empty (2039-2059, 2072-2073)
Tender type	KT * 2 axle bogies * 34 in (864 mm) wheels * Length 28 ft 8.25 in (8,744 mm)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	14 long tons (14.2 t)
Water cap	6,000 imp gal (27,000 l)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	48 sq ft (4.459 m²)
Boiler	6 ft 2.25 in (1,886 mm) inside diameter 20 ft 0.5 in (6,109 mm) inside length 8 ft 6 in (2,591 mm) pitch as built 8 ft 7.5 in (2,629 mm) pitch with 60" drivers
Boiler pressure	200 psi (1,380 kPa) as built 210 psi (1,450 kPa) with 60" drivers
Heating surface	2,777 sq ft (257.992 m²) as built 2,584 sq ft (240.061 m²) reboilered
• Tubes	As built: 143 tubes 2.25 in (57 mm) diameter 30 tubes 5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 2,554 sq ft (237.274 m²) Reboilered: 117 tubes 2.25 in (57 mm) diameter 34 tubes 5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 2,361 sq ft (219.344 m²)
• Flues	23 sq ft (2.137 m²)
• Firebox	200 sq ft (18.581 m²)
Superheater: • Heating area	716 sq ft (66.519 m²) as built 570 sq ft (52.955 m²) reboilered
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	24 in (610 mm) bore 28 in (711 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts

Performance figures
Tractive effort	At 75% boiler pressure: 42,440 lbf (188.8 kN) as built 42,340 lbf (188.3 kN) with 60" drivers

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 15CA
Number in class	84
Numbers	2039–2059, 2072-2077, 2801-2857
Delivered	1926-1930
First run	1926

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The South African Railways Class 15CA 4-8-2 of 1926 is a steam locomotive.

In 1926 the South African Railways placed twenty-three Class 15CA steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. Another sixty-one were ordered and delivered in 1929 and 1930.^[1]^[2]

Manufacture

Class 15C redesign

After the twelve Class 15C locomotives that were delivered by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1925 had been in service a short while, it was discovered that the frames under the front of the firebox had a tendency to crack, necessitating heavy repairs. To overcome this, a design was prepared for an almost identical locomotive, but with the frames widened under the firebox by means of a bridle casting.^[1]

Builders

The first batch of twenty-three of these redesigned 4-8-2 steam locomotives were built for the South African Railways (SAR) by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO). They were delivered in 1926, numbered in the range from 2039 to 2059, 2072 and 2073, and classified as Class 15CA, with the "A" indicating the manufacturer ALCO.^[1]^[2]

The earlier Baldwin-built Class 15C was then reclassified to Class 15CB, actually for no good reason since in this case the "B" indicated the manufacturer Baldwin, not a branchline locomotive as was usual practice.^[3]

Another sixty-one Class 15CA locomotives were acquired from three other manufacturers in 1929 and 1930.

In 1929 four were delivered by Baldwin in the United States, numbered in the range from 2074 to 2077.
Also in 1929, ten were delivered by Società Italiana Ernesto Breda of Milan in Italy (now AnsaldoBreda), numbered in the range from 2801 to 2810.^[3]
Twenty-nine were built by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) in 1928 and delivered in 1929, numbered in the range from 2811 to 2839.^[4]
In 1929 NBL built the last eighteen Class 15CA locomotives, delivered in 1930 and numbered in the range from 2840 to 2857.^[4]

The table lists the Class 15CA engine numbers, builders, years built and the builders’ works numbers.

Class 15CA 4-8-2
Builders & Works Numbers
SAR No.	Builder	Year	Works No.
2039	ALCO	1926	66986
2040	ALCO	1926	66987
2041	ALCO	1926	66988
2042	ALCO	1926	66989
2043	ALCO	1926	66990
2044	ALCO	1926	66991
2045	ALCO	1926	66992
2046	ALCO	1926	66993
2047	ALCO	1926	66994
2048	ALCO	1926	66995
2049	ALCO	1926	66996
2050	ALCO	1926	66997
2051	ALCO	1926	66998
2052	ALCO	1926	66999
2053	ALCO	1926	67000
2054	ALCO	1926	67001
2055	ALCO	1926	67002
2056	ALCO	1926	67003
2057	ALCO	1926	67004
2058	ALCO	1926	67005
2059	ALCO	1926	67006
2072	ALCO	1926	67007
2073	ALCO	1926	67008
2074	Baldwin	1929	60828
2075	Baldwin	1929	60829
2076	Baldwin	1929	60830
2077	Baldwin	1929	60831
2801	Breda	1929	2236
2802	Breda	1929	2237
2803	Breda	1929	2238
2804	Breda	1929	2239
2805	Breda	1929	2240
2806	Breda	1929	2241
2807	Breda	1929	2242
2808	Breda	1929	2243
2809	Breda	1929	2244
2810	Breda	1929	2245
2811	NBL	1928	23774
2812	NBL	1928	23775
2813	NBL	1928	23776
2814	NBL	1928	23777
2815	NBL	1928	23778
2816	NBL	1928	23779
2817	NBL	1928	23780
2818	NBL	1928	23781
2819	NBL	1928	23782
2820	NBL	1928	23783
2821	NBL	1928	23784
2822	NBL	1928	23785
2823	NBL	1928	23786
2824	NBL	1928	23787
2825	NBL	1928	23788
2826	NBL	1928	23789
2827	NBL	1928	23790
2828	NBL	1928	23791
2829	NBL	1928	23792
2830	NBL	1928	23793
2831	NBL	1928	23794
2832	NBL	1928	23795
2833	NBL	1928	23796
2834	NBL	1928	23797
2835	NBL	1928	23798
2836	NBL	1928	23799
2837	NBL	1928	23800
2838	NBL	1928	23801
2839	NBL	1928	23802
2840	NBL	1929	24008
2841	NBL	1929	24009
2842	NBL	1929	24010
2843	NBL	1929	24011
2844	NBL	1929	24012
2845	NBL	1929	24013
2846	NBL	1929	24014
2847	NBL	1929	24015
2848	NBL	1929	24016
2849	NBL	1929	24017
2850	NBL	1929	24018
2851	NBL	1929	24019
2852	NBL	1929	24020
2853	NBL	1929	24021
2854	NBL	1929	24022
2855	NBL	1929	24023
2856	NBL	1929	24024
2857	NBL	1929	24025

Modifications

The locomotives were delivered with 57 inches (1,450 millimetres) diameter driving wheels and their boilers were set at an operating pressure of 200 pounds per square inch (1,380 kilopascals). All of them were eventually rewheeled with 60 inches (1,520 millimetres) diameter driving wheels and, to compensate for the loss of tractive effort due to the larger diameter drivers, their operating boiler pressure was increased to 210 pounds per square inch (1,450 kilopascals) by an adjustment of the setting of their safety valves. This modification enabled these mixed traffic locomotives to handle the fastest mainline passenger trains.^[1]^[5]

Three of the Class 15CB and Class 15CA locomotives were later reboilered with boiler numbers in the range from 9504 to 9506, which were of similar dimensions, but with a different tube arrangement. Since these were not Watson Standard boilers, the locomotives were not reclassified.^[5]

Service

South African Railways

The Class 15CA locomotives were placed in service on the mainline between Cape Town and Kimberley, but like the Class 15CB, they were later transferred to Bloemfontein from where they worked throughout the Free State until they eventually ended up on the Eastern Transvaal system. Here they worked out of Pretoria to Pietersburg in the north and from there to Tzaneen in the east and Messina on the Rhodesian border in the north, and also out of Witbank and Breyten.^[2]^[3]

In the mid-1960s a few joined the Class 15CB on the Natal North Coast line, and in 1983 they all went from there to the Cape Northern system for use on the lines from Beaconsfield in Kimberley, working north to Mafeking and south to De Aar. Eventually nearly forty of them ended up as heavy shunters at Kaserne and Germiston in Johannesburg, where they replaced the Class 12AR and Class S1.^[2]^[3]

Industry

Three Class 15CA locomotives were sold into industrial service. Numbers 2807 and 2839 went to Dunn’s Locomotive Works and were eventually sold to Rustenburg Platinum Mines. Number 2811 went to South Witbank Colliery as number 4.^[3]^[6]

Illustration

The main picture shows Breda-built no. 2802 serving as school guard at Esselen Park, the Transnet School of Rail in Kaalfontein, Gauteng, on 21 September 2009.

NBL-built no. 2850 at Kroonstad, Orange Free State, 22 April 1979
ALCO-built no. 2054 "Cheeta" at Vereeniging, 7 October 1989

NBL-built no. 2828 staged at Vink siding near Robertson, 11 January 2008.^[1]
NBL-built no. 2828, now in royal blue and with number plates, 20 October 2009.^[1]

^ ^a ^b Gospel Express at Vink Siding

References

1 2 3 4 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 46, 49–50. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 61–62. ISBN 0869772112.
1 2 3 4 5 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. pp. 86–87. ISBN 0715386387.
1 2 North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
1 2 South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
↑ Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. p. 22.

External links

External video
South African Steam: 15CA 2850 around Pretoria. (18.09 minutes)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 15CA (4-8-2).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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