Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T

Table Bay Harbour's Brunel gauge 0-4-0T construction locomotive of 1874

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Fletcher, Jennings & Co.
Builder	Fletcher, Jennings & Co.
Serial number	128
Build date	1874

Specifications
Configuration	0-4-0T (Four-coupled)
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	7 ft ¹⁄₄ in (2,140 mm) Brunel
Coupled dia.	33 in (838 mm)
Fuel type	Coal
Firebox type	Round-top
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	9 in (229 mm) bore 16 in (406 mm) stroke
Couplers	Buffers and chain

Career
Operators	Table Bay Harbour Board
Number in class	1
Delivered	1874
First run	1874
Withdrawn	1904

The Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T of 1874 is a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1847, the government of the Cape of Good Hope established harbour boards at its three major ports, Table Bay, Port Elizabeth and East London. While railway lines were laid at all these harbours, trains were, for the most part, initially hauled by oxen or mules.^[1]^[2]

Altogether seven 7 ft ¹⁄₄ in (2,140 mm) Brunel gauge locomotives are known to have been employed on the Table Bay Harbour project between 1862 and 1904. The first steam locomotive to see service at any of these harbours was a Brunel gauge engine, which was placed in service on breakwater construction at Table Bay Harbour in 1862. The third Table Bay harbour construction locomotive was a 0-4-0 side-tank engine, which entered service in 1874.^[1]^[2]

The harbour boards

When the need for improved harbour facilities for the handling of ships and cargoes became apparent, the Cape Government established harbour boards at Table Bay, Port Elizabeth and East London in 1847. Each board initially consisted of five members, later increased to seven, and they were responsible for the management, control, improvement, development and maintenance of the facilities at these ports, and empowered to levy wharfage dues.^[1]

Table Bay Harbour

While Table Bay itself was a poor natural harbour, badly exposed to the Cape's notorious gale force Southeasters and Northwesters, it was preferred by early seafarers over the more suitable Saldanha Bay to the north and Simon’s Town in False, Bay because of the lack of fresh water at the latter two. As a result, the Mother City of Cape Town came to be.^[3]

As Cape Town expanded, so did ship's traffic in Table Bay Harbour, but the inadequacy of its facilities often resulted in considerable delays, and frequently also in loss of life and cargoes. The urgent necessity of harbour improvements finally began to be recognised with the arrival of the first steam ship, the Enterprise, in Table Bay in October 1825.^[3]

Harbour construction railway

As at Port Elizabeth and East London, railway lines were an early feature at Table Bay Harbour in Cape Town. Work to improve the facilities at Table Bay Harbour was started in 1860, using convict labour, and consisted of the excavation of two basins and the construction of breakwater piers. The first truckload of construction rocks to start the building of the breakwater, was tipped on 17 September 1860 by Prince Alfred, the sixteen-year-old son of Queen Victoria. The Alfred Basin, named after the prince, was completed in 1870.^[1]^[3]^[4]

A number of heavy iron railway tip-wagons were acquired to convey the rock to create the breakwater. They ran on 7 ft ¹⁄₄ in (2,140 mm) Brunel gauge track, to make it easier to drop rock from the wagons between the rails. The construction track was run out to sea on a timber framework, a method of construction which was perfected by Sir John Coode. The wagons were initially hauled by either oxen or mules.^[1]^[3]^[5]^[6]

Seven Brunel gauge locomotives are known to have been employed on the Table Bay Harbour project, but information on all of them are sketchy at best.^[2]

Locomotives before 1874

Two locomotives were placed in service before 1874, one in 1862 and another at some stage before 19 July 1870. It is known that one of them was a 0-4-0 saddle-tank engine built by Henry Hughes’s, while there is no knowledge about the builder or appearance of the other and no known photograph of either one has been found. While early researchers believed that the first locomotive of 1862 was the one built by Hughes’s, recent research seems to indicate that Hughes’s first known locomotive was delivered to the Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway in Wales in September 1863. It may therefore be that the second locomotive was the Hughes’s saddle-tank.^[2]^[7]^[8]

1862

The first locomotive arrived on the ship Navarino on 2 October 1862. There is no known photograph of it, and no information about either the builder or the tank configuration have been found. A painting by Otto Lansberg, depicting the breakwater under construction in 1869, shows a side- or well-tank locomotive at work and, since the second locomotive is known to have been a saddle-tank engine, this painting may well depict the first locomotive. Given the possibility of artistic licence, however, the painting cannot be accepted as factual confirmation of the locomotive’s appearance or configuration.^[2]

Between 1863 and 1870

Reference to a second locomotive was made in a report in the Cape Argus on 19 July 1870, in which it was mentioned as "the first locomotive made in South Africa", while the activities were described as "wagons that were hauled along several lines of railway by two engines". It was a 0-4-0 saddle-tank locomotive, built by Hughes's Locomotive & Tramway Engine Works, which was shipped to the Cape as a kit of parts to be assembled by the customer. Since Hughes’s works started building locomotives around 1863, it follows that the in-service date of the second locomotive was at some time between 1863 and 1870.^[2]^[7]^[8]^[9]

The 0-4-0T locomotive of 1874

The third locomotive to enter service at Table Bay Harbour, the 0-4-0 side-tank engine which is the subject of this article, was obtained from Fletcher, Jennings & Co. in 1874. Apart from the photograph, not much is known about the locomotive, which had a cab roof with a spectacle plate front weatherboard to offer the crew some, albeit very limited, protection from the elements. In Harbour Board minutes at the time, one of the earlier two locomotives was now referred to as the "spare locomotive".^[1]^[2]

Locomotives after 1874

1879

The fourth locomotive to enter service on the Table Bay harbour project was the 0-4-0WT of 1879, also built by Fletcher, Jennings, and not by Black, Hawthorn as mentioned in D.F. Holland’s work of 1972.^[1]^[2]

1881 and 1893

Three Brunel gauge 0-4-0ST locomotives were placed in service on the Table Bay Harbour project in 1881 and 1893, built by Black, Hawthorn & Co. Two were built in 1881, with works numbers 642 and 646, as part of an order for three 0-4-0ST locomotives, of which the third one was Cape gauge for use as harbour shunting engine. Another one was delivered in 1893, with works no. 1079, and was part of an order for four locomotives, the other three being Cape gauge. These three locomotives bore Table Bay numbers 4, 5 and 8.^[1]^[2]^[10]

Brunel gauge termination

Work on the project continued into the 20th century, since even further harbour expansion soon became necessary, brought about by developments in the interior, such as the discovery of diamonds, then of gold, and then the outbreak of the Second Boer War. A dry dock was added in 1881, and work began in 1900 on a new breakwater and the Victoria Basin.^[3]

The Brunel gauge harbour construction railway remained in operation until 1904 when, after forty-two years of operation, the Brunel gauge was replaced by a mechanical narrow gauge tramway, which ran on 2 ft (610 mm) narrow gauge track.^[1]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 115–117. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Table Bay Harbour construction locomotives
1 2 3 4 5 History of Cape Town: The growth of the city and the port
↑ South Africa’s Yesterdays, The Reader’s Digest Association South Africa (Pty.) Limited, 1981, (Editor Peter Joyce), p171, ISBN 0 620 05019 5
↑ History of Victoria and Alfred Waterfront
↑ John Middleton on vertical boiler locomotives in South Africa
1 2 Grace’s Guide: Henry Hughes and Company
1 2 Dating the opening of Hughes Works
↑ The Cape Argus of 19 July 1870.
↑ Table Bay Harbour locomotives by Black, Hawthorn & Chapman and Furneaux

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Table Bay 0-4-0T 1874.

Locomotives of the Cape of Good Hope

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0 Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid

3' 6" gauge	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 1890 CGR 5th Class 1891 CGR 6th Class 1893 CGR 6th Class 1896 CGR 6th Class 1897 CGR 6th Class 1898 CGR 6th Class 1900 CGR 6th Class 1901 Baldwin CGR 6th Class 1901 Schenectady CGR 6th Class 1901 Neilson Reid CGR 6th Class 1902 CGR 6th Class 1904 CGR 6th Class 2-6-2 CGR 6th Class 2-6-4 CGR 7th Class 1892 CGR 7th Class 1896 CGR 7th Class 1902 CGR 8th Class 1901 CGR 8th Class 1902 CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 1903 CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 1903 CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 1903 Exp CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 1904 CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 1904 CGR 9th Class 1903 CGR 9th Class 1906 CGR 10th Class CGR Fairlie CGR Karoo 1903 CGR Karoo 1904 CGR Karoo Compound CGR Kitson-Meyer CGR Mountain 4-8-2 CGR Railmotor CGR Tandem Compound 1902 CGR Tandem Compound 1903 Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NCCR 7th Class 1899 NCCR 7th Class 1913 Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' gauge	CGR Baldwin 2-6-0 CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A CGR Type B CGR Type C

List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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