South African Class S 0-8-0

No. 362 at Kimberley, August 1973

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways Henschel and Son
Builder	Henschel and Son
Serial number	21071-21084
Model	Class S
Build date	1928
Total produced	14

Specifications
Configuration	0-8-0 "Eight-coupled"
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Driver diameter	48 in (1,219 mm)
Wheelbase	Total: 48 ft 2.0625 in (14,683 mm) Engine: 14 ft 9 in (4,496 mm) Tender: 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) bogie 20 ft 5 in (6,223 mm) total
Length	64 ft 10.3125 in (19,769 mm)
Height	13 ft (3,962 mm)
Frame	Bar frame
Axle load	18 long tons (18.3 t) per driver
Adhesive weight	72 long tons (73.2 t)
Loco weight	72 long tons (73.2 t)
Tender weight	58,720 lb (26.6 t) empty 61.15 long tons (62.1 t) w/o
Loco & tender weight	138,873 lb (63.0 t) empty 133.15 long tons (135.3 t) w/o
Tender type	GT * 2 axle bogies * 34 in (864 mm) wheels * Length 30 ft 1.75 in (9,188 mm)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	8 long tons (8.1 t)
Water cap	6,000 imp gal (27,000 l)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	41 sq ft (3.809 m²)
Boiler	5 ft 6.125 in (1,680 mm) inside diameter 14 ft (4,267 mm) inside length 8 ft 6 in (2,591 mm) pitch
Boiler pressure	216 psi (1,490 kPa) as delivered 170 psi (1,170 kPa) reduced
Heating surface	1,699 sq ft (157.842 m²)
• Tubes	135 tubes 2 in (51 mm) diameter 28 tubes 5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 1,564 sq ft (145.300 m²)
• Flues	20 sq ft (1.858 m²)
• Firebox	125 sq ft (11.613 m²)
Superheater: • Heating area	450 sq ft (41.806 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	23.25 in (591 mm) bore 25 in (635 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts

Performance figures
Tractive effort	At 75% boiler pressure: 45,400 lbf (201.9 kN) as delivered 35,890 lbf (159.6 kN) reduced

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class S
Number in class	14
Numbers	360-373
Delivered	1929
First run	1929
Withdrawn	1976

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The South African Railways Class S 0-8-0 of 1929 is a steam locomotive.

In 1929 the South African Railways placed fourteen purpose-built Class S steam shunting locomotives with a 0-8-0 wheel arrangement in service.^[1]^[2]

Background

Throughout the history of the South African Railways (SAR), shunting was traditionally performed by downgraded mainline locomotives. Considering the enormous amount of shunting performed, the number of purpose-built shunting locomotives on the SAR roster in the steam era was remarkably low, amounting to only one hundred and fifty-one locomotives on a railway whose steam stock at one stage reached a maximum of nearly 2,800 locomotives.^[3]

When it did eventually introduce purpose-built shunting locomotives, the SAR preferred to adhere to the American practice of using tender locomotives for shunting, rather than the European practice of using tank locomotives.^[3]

Manufacturer

In spite of the conversion of Class A tank locomotives to Class 17 tender shunting locomotives, increasing rail traffic throughout the country and particularly on the Witwatersrand in the 1920s still made it necessary to use heavy mainline locomotives for shunting work. Specifications for the Class S 0-8-0 tender type steam shunting locomotive were therefore prepared by Colonel F.R. Collins, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the SAR from 1922 to 1929.^[1]^[2]

Fourteen locomotives were built in 1928 by Henschel and Son in Germany, designed to the SAR specifications. They were delivered in 1929 and numbered in the range from 360 to 373. Since they were designed to operate at low speeds in tightly curved shunting yards, there was no need for the leading or trailing wheels that are necessary on mainline locomotives to improve high speed stability. In addition it was desirable to have as large a proportion of the engine weight as possible carried on the coupled wheels to obtain the maximum adhesion.^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]

Characteristics

To improve the crew’s rearward vision, the top sides of the tender’s coal bunker were set inwards and the water tank top was rounded. The locomotives were superheated, were built on bar frames and used Walschaerts valve gear.^[1]^[2]

When they were first introduced, their boiler pressure was set at 216 pounds per square inch (1,490 kilopascals), giving a tractive effort of 45,400 pounds-force (201.9 kilonewtons) at 75% boiler pressure. Since they tended to be slippery, however, the operating boiler pressure was reduced to 170 pounds per square inch (1,170 kilopascals) in 1933, resulting in a corresponding reduction in tractive effort to 35,890 pounds-force (159.6 kilonewtons) at 75% boiler pressure.^[1]^[5]

Service

South African Railways

The Class S was initially placed in service in the Orange Free State and Natal, but they were soon transferred to the Transvaal where they spent most of the rest of their working lives, rendering good service in yards at several centres. The Class ended up being mainly a Western Transvaal locomotive, stationed at Germiston, Kaserne, Krugersdorp, Springs and at Beaconsfield in Kimberley, with a solitary locomotive at Volksrust.^[2]^[3]

Industrial

They were withdrawn from SAR service in 1976. Four were sold to Dunn’s in 1977, from where they eventually ended up at several locations.^[2]^[3]

No. 362 went to Apex Mines at Greenside as number 6.
No. 365 went to Tweefontein United Colliery and later to Enyati Colliery.
No. 367 went to Apex Mines as number 5 and later to Grootvlei Proprietary Mines at Springs, first as number 3 "Big Mac" and later renumbered to 2.
No. 369 went to Grootvlei Proprietary Mines (GVPM), first as number 2 "King Kong" and later renumbered to 1.

Illustration

The main picture and the following photographs illustrate the Class S locomotive and its tender in different liveries and also show the special shape of the tender's coal bunker and water tank.

Class S no. 355 at Millsite, Krugersdorp, Transvaal, on 8 April 1966
GVPM no. 2 "King Kong", ex SAR no. 369, Springs, 23 April 1979
Class S tender, Krugersdorp, in GVPM livery, 13 June 2009

References

1 2 3 4 5 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 63–65. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. p. 80. ISBN 0869772112.
1 2 3 4 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. p. 120. ISBN 0715386387.
↑ Henschel-Lieferliste (Henschel & Son works list), compiled by Dietmar Stresow
1 2 South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class S (0-8-0).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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