South African Class 19A 4-8-2

South African Classes 19A & 19AR 4-8-2

Class 19A no. 685 at De Aar, 16 October 1978

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways
Builder	Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works
Serial number	3300-3335
Model	Class 19A
Build date	1929
Total produced	36

Specifications
Configuration	4-8-2 "Mountain"
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia	28.5 in (724 mm)
Driver diameter	51 in (1,295 mm)
Trailing dia	33 in (838 mm)
Wheelbase	Total: 58 ft 7.625 in (17,872 mm) Engine: 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) bogie 14 ft 5 in (4,394 mm) coupled 32 ft 2 in (9,804 mm) total Tender: 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) bogie 16 ft 8 in (5,080 mm) total
Length	67 ft 6 in (20,574 mm) total
Height	12 ft 10.875 in (3,934 mm) as built 12 ft 11.875 in (3,959 mm) reboilered
Frame	Bar frame
Axle load	13.2 long tons (13.4 t) on 2nd driver as built 13.05 long tons (13.3 t) on 2nd driver reboilered
Adhesive weight	51.35 long tons (52.2 t) as built 51.05 long tons (51.9 t) reboilered
Loco weight	75.15 long tons (76.4 t) as built 76.1 long tons (77.3 t) reboilered
Tender weight	51,020 lb (23.1 t) empty 50.95 long tons (51.8 t) w/o
Loco & tender weight	147,810 lb (67.0 t) empty 127.05 long tons (129.1 t) w/o
Tender type	MP - MP, MP1, MR, MX, MY, MY1 permitted * 2 axle bogies * Wheels 34 in (864 mm) dia * Length 25 ft 11.375 in (7,909 mm)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	9.2 long tons (9.3 t)
Water cap	4,250 imp gal (19,300 l)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	36 sq ft (3.345 m²)
Boiler	As built: 4 ft 10.25 in (1,480 mm) inside diameter 20 ft 0.375 in (6,106 mm) inside length 8 ft (2,438 mm) pitch Reboilered: 5 ft (1,524 mm) inside diameter 20 ft 2 in (6,147 mm) inside length 8 ft 1 in (2,464 mm) pitch
Boiler pressure	200 psi (1,380 kPa)
Heating surface	1,667 sq ft (154.869 m²) as built 1,839 sq ft (170.849 m²) reboilered
• Tubes	As built: 86 tubes 2.25 in (57 mm) diameter 16 tubes 5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 1,627 sq ft (151.153 m²) Reboilered: 76 tubes 2.5 in (64 mm) diameter 24 tubes 5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 1,700 sq ft (157.935 m²)
• Flues	15 sq ft (1.394 m²) as built 16 sq ft (1.486 m²) reboilered
• Firebox	125 sq ft (11.613 m²) as built 123 sq ft (11.427 m²) reboilered
Superheater: • Heating area	415 sq ft (38.555 m²) as built 404 sq ft (37.533 m²) reboilered
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	19.5 in (495 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts

Performance figures
Tractive effort	29,080 lbf (129 kN) at 75% pressure

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 19A, Class 19AR
Number in class	36
Numbers	675–710
Delivered	1929
First run	1929
Withdrawn	1966-1977

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The South African Railways Class 19A 4-8-2 of 1929 is a steam locomotive.

In 1929 the South African Railways placed thirty-six Class 19A steam locomotives with a 4-8-2 Mountain type wheel arrangement in service. Five of them were later reboilered and reclassified to Class 19AR.^[1]^[2]

Manufacturer

The Class 19A 4-8-2 Mountain type steam locomotive was a later model of the successful Class 19 that was introduced a year earlier, also with Walschaerts valve gear and a bar frame. Colonel F.R. Collins, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) at the time, redesigned the Class 19 to achieve a lighter axle loading by reducing the wheel diameters from 54 to 51 inches (1,372 to 1,295 millimetres), reducing the cylinder diameter from 21 to 19.5 inches (533 to 495 millimetres) and by using a slightly smaller boiler.^[1]^[3]

While the aim was to reduce the locomotive’s total weight for use on some of the more lightly laid branchlines, the actual weight saving that was achieved was a mere four tons, which could hardly have justified the cost of redesigning.^[3]

Thirty-six Class 19A locomotives were delivered by Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM) of Winterthur in 1929, numbered in the range from 675 to 710.^[3]^[4]

Watson Standard boilers

From the 1930s many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.^[2]^[4]

The South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book shows that five Class 19A locomotives, numbers 678, 693, 696, 700 and 706, were reboilered with Watson Standard no. 1A boilers and designated Class 19AR. In the reboilering process at least two of the Class 19AR locomotives, numbers 693 and 696, received domeless boilers from the first batch of Class 19D locomotives that were delivered new with domeless Watson Standard boilers.^[2]^[3]^[4]

The reboilered Class 19AR locomotives gained less than a ton in weight during the modification process. While most locomotive classes that were reboilered with Watson Standard boilers were simultaneously equipped with Watson cabs with slanted fronts, some of the Class 19AR locomotives retained their original cabs with vertical fronts.^[5]

On the reboilered Class 19AR there were, in fact, three versions of cab since no. 696 had a slanted cab from the running board up and the remains of the squared front cab from the running board down. Apart from the slanted front of the Watson cab, an obvious visual difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually the rectangular object just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive, the cover of the multiple valve regulator situated in the smokebox.

The number plate of no. 685, depicted alongside as it is displayed in the Outeniqua Transport Museum in George, is incorrectly inscribed "19AR" since that locomotive was retired without being reboilered with a Watson Standard boiler. The engine was photographed, still with its original boiler, as late as April 1970, fifteen years into electrification and dieselisation of the SAR and with steam traction already largely relegated to shunting and pickup work.

Similarly, the picture of the Class 19A rusting in peace at Queenstown, shown below with the number 693 hand-painted on the cabside, is actually of Class 19A no. 685. It has an as-delivered boiler while no. 693 was reboilered with a domeless Class 19D boiler. Both locomotives had been set aside by the Transnet Heritage Foundation for preservation, with no. 685 staged at Queenstown and no. 693 at Millsite in Krugersdorp, but each somehow had the other's number painted on their cabsides when their number plates were removed.^[6]

Service

South African Railways

The Class 19A fleet initially served on all systems of the SAR, but were later based mainly at Mason’s Mill, Estcourt and Glencoe in Natal, at East London, Queenstown and Burgersdorp in the Eastern Cape, at Cape Town in the Western Cape and a few in the Western Transvaal.^[3]

No. 700 was written off after an accident and by 1977 the rest were all withdrawn from Railways service. Numbers 685, 692 and 693 are known to still survive, no. 685 staged in the open at Queenstown in the Eastern Cape, no. 692 plinthed at Sterkstroom in the Eastern Cape and no. 693 staged at Millsite in Krugersdorp.^[3]^[4]^[6]^[7]

Industrial

Several of these locomotives were sold into a second career in industrial service after being retired from SAR service.^[3]

Numbers 678 and 683 went to Tweefontein United Collieries. Number 678 later went to Witbank Consolidated Collieries.
Number 679 went to Apex Mines at Greenside, later to the Fluor for Sasol plant and eventually to Dunn’s.
Numbers 684 and 691 went to Gledhow Sugar Mill where they were named "Umvoti" and "Blythedale" respectively. Number 684 later went to Umgala Colliery.
Numbers 689 and 707 went to Platberg Colliery.
Number 710 went to Butakon Limited, then to Southern Cross Steel Company in Middelburg, Transvaal, and eventually to Umgala Colliery at Utrecht in Natal.

Illustration

The main picture shows Class 19A no. 685 at De Aar on 16 October 1978, at the time recently retired and earmarked for preservation. The same locomotive is shown below as well, staged in the open at Queenstown in the Eastern Cape and with sundry parts missing, incorrectly marked as no. 693.

A Class 19A locomotive shortly after entering service, at Paardeneiland in Cape Town, circa 1930
Class 19A no. 685 at the East London Locoshed in Cambridge, still with its original boiler, 16 April 1970
Class 19A no. 685 at Queenstown, 26 April 2013, incorrectly marked as reboilered Class 19AR no. 693
Class 19A no. 705 at the East London Locoshed in Cambridge, 16 April 1970
Class 19AR no. 693, reboilered with a domeless Watson Standard boiler from a first-batch Class 19D, Queenstown c. 1969

References

1 2 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, pp21 & 21A, as amended
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. p. 99. ISBN 0715386387.
1 2 3 4 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 70. ISBN 0869772112.
↑ Dulez, Jean A. (2012). Railways of Southern Africa 150 Years (Commemorating One Hundred and Fifty Years of Railways on the Sub-Continent - Complete Motive Power Classifications and Famous Trains - 1860-2011) (1st ed.). Garden View, Johannesburg, South Africa: Vidrail Productions. pp. 140–141. ISBN 9 780620 512282.
1 2 Final SAHRA List, p. 18, Category C Locomotives (For Disposal): Class 19A/19AR
↑ Sterkstroom, Municipality - SAR Class 19A No 692

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 19A (4-8-2).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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