South African Class 18 2-10-2

Builder's picture of the Class 18, c. 1927

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways
Builder	Henschel and Son
Serial number	20787-20788
Model	Class 18
Build date	1927
Total produced	2

Specifications
Configuration	2-10-2 "Santa Fe"
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia	30 in (762 mm)
Driver diameter	57 in (1,448 mm)
Trailing dia	33 in (838 mm)
Minimum curve	320 ft (98 m)
Wheelbase	Total: 67 ft 7.75 in (20,618 mm) Engine: 21 ft (6,401 mm) coupled 38 ft 2.5 in (11,646 mm) total Tender: 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) bogie 20 ft 5 in (6,223 mm) total
Length	76 ft (23,165 mm) total
Height	12 ft 11.875 in (3,959 mm)
Axle load	19 long tons (19.3 t) on 3rd driver
Adhesive weight	92.35 long tons (93.8 t)
Loco weight	114.55 long tons (116.4 t)
Tender weight	71,488 lb (32.4 t) empty 72.7 long tons (73.9 t) w/o
Loco & tender weight	222,824 lb (101.1 t) empty 187.25 long tons (190.3 t) w/o
Tender type	HT * 2 axle bogies * 34 in (864 mm) wheels * Length 28 ft 4 in (8,636 mm)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	14 long tons (14.2 t)
Water cap	6,000 imp gal (27,000 l)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	60 sq ft (5.574 m²)
Boiler	6 ft 3.75 in (1,924 mm) inside diameter 20 ft 7 in (6,274 mm) inside length 8 ft 6 in (2,591 mm) pitch
Boiler pressure	215 psi (1,480 kPa)
Heating surface	3,231 sq ft (300.170 m²)
• Tubes	160 tubes 2.25 in (57 mm) diameter 34 tubes 5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 2,945 sq ft (273.599 m²)
• Flues	21 sq ft (1.951 m²)
• Firebox	265 sq ft (24.619 m²)
Superheater: • Heating area	650 sq ft (60.387 m²)
Cylinders	Three
Cylinder size	21.25 in (540 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Outer cylinders: Walschaerts Inner cylinder: Gresley

Performance figures
Tractive effort	53,650 lbf (239 kN) at 75% pressure

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class 18
Number in class	2
Numbers	1360-1361
Nicknames	Henschel Giant
Delivered	1927-1928
First run	1927
Withdrawn	1951

The South African Railways Class 18 2-10-2 of 1927 is a steam locomotive.

In December 1927 and January 1928 the South African Railways placed two Class 18 steam locomotives with a 2-10-2 Santa Fe type wheel arrangement in service.^[1]^[2]

Manufacturer

The Class 18 2-10-2 Santa Fe type steam locomotive was designed by Colonel F.R. Collins, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1922 to 1929, and built by Henschel and Son in Germany who delivered two locomotives in 1927 and 1928, numbered 1360 and 1361. They were very powerful three-cylinder locomotives, with their two outer cylinders using Walschaerts valve gear and the inner cylinder using Gresley conjugated valve gear that was actuated by the motions of the outer cylinders.^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]

When delivered, the third cylinder was clearly visible, but plating that was subsequently added beneath the smokebox hid it from view. These were the most powerful non-articulated steam locomotives to see service on the SAR, with a tractive effort of 53,650 pounds-force (238.647 kilonewtons) at 75% boiler pressure and capable of hauling loads of 1,800 long tons (1,828.9 tonnes) over the ruling gradient of 1 in 100 on the Witbank-Apex section.^[1]^[6]

Contemporary Henschel publicity appropriately referred to them as the "Henschel Giants". They were larger in most respects than Deutsche Reichsbahn’s new Standard gauge Class 44 three cylinder 2-10-0 locomotives. Although their all-up locomotive weight was almost the same, when considering the fact that the SAR’s Cape gauge Class 18 had shorter axles and frame strethers, saving weight that could then be built into other items such as the firebox, the Class 18 was the larger locomotive.^[4]

Characteristics

The Class 18 had a round top firebox with a combustion chamber, with arch tubes supporting the brick arch.^[4]

In order to allow the locomotive to negotiate curves of 320 feet (97,536 millimetres) radius despite its long coupled wheelbase, the third and fourth pairs of driving wheels were flangeless. In addition, the locomotive made use of a Krauss-Helmholtz bogie system, where the leading pair of driving wheels has a limited amount of sideplay with an articulated link to the leading bissel bogie. The bissel bogie was connected to a sleeve around the first driving axle so that any displacement of the bissel bogie in one direction would cause a similar displacement of the leading driving axle in the opposite direction, thereby steering the driving wheels through curves.^[1]^[3]

The outside cylinders drove the third pair of driving wheels while the inside cylinder drove the second pair through a cranked axle, with the cylinder mounted in an inclined position. The three cranks were arranged at an angle of 120 degrees to each other, allowing for the inclination of the inner cylinder.^[1]^[2]

Service

The Class 18 was introduced in an attempt to ease problems that were being experienced with increasingly heavy coal trains on the line between Witbank and Germiston, where the Class MF Mallets were considered as being too sluggish and the hauling capacity of the non-articulated fleet was being stretched to the limit of their capacity.^[1]^[3]

In spite of the two sets of flangeless driving wheels and the Krauss-Helmholtz system, the Class 18 experienced excessive flange and tyre wear. In addition, the complicated valve gear was not robust enough and required high maintenance, frequently giving trouble owing to wear and breakage. The result was that the locomotives had to be shopped at under 40,000 miles (64,374 kilometres). Both Class 18 locomotives were retired by 1951.^[1]^[3]

Illustration

The main picture and the following illustrate the Class 18 locomotive, one with the third cylinder exposed and another with the third cylinder hidden by plating beneath the smokebox. The construction of the Henschel Giant is shown in a cutaway diagram.

Class 18 with the third cylinder visible, as delivered, c. 1930
Cutaway diagram of a Class 18 2-10-2 locomotive
Class 18 at Germiston Loco with plating beneath the smokebox hiding the third cylinder

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
1 2 3 4 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 10–11, 69. ISBN 0869772112.
1 2 3 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. pp. 27–30. ISBN 0715386387.
↑ Henschel-Lieferliste (Henschel & Son works list), compiled by Dietmar Stresow
↑ South African Railways & Harbours Photo Journal, Vol. 1, no 8, pp1-3, by Les Pivnic

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class 18 (2-10-2).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, September 12, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.