South West African Class Hd

DSWA Class Hd 2-8-2
South West African Class Hd 2-8-2
South African Class NG5 2-8-2

Ex Class Hd no. SW40, reclassified as Class NG5 no. 40, plinthed at Usakos, May 1984

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Henschel and Son
Builder	Henschel and Son
Serial number	10720-10722
Model	Class Hd
Build date	1912
Total produced	3

Specifications
Configuration	2-8-2 "Mikado"
Gauge	600 mm (1 ft 11 ⁵⁄₈ in) narrow gauge
Leading dia	21.65625 in (550 mm)
Driver diameter	33.875 in (860 mm)
Trailing dia	21.65625 in (550 mm)
Wheelbase	Total: 38 ft 6.625 in (11,751 mm) Engine: 9 ft 7 in (2,921 mm) coupled 17 ft 0.6875 in (5.20 m) total Tender: 3 ft 3.375 in (1,000 mm) bogie 11 ft 5.75 in (3,499 mm) total
Length	49 ft 9.25 in (15,170 mm)
Height	10 ft 9.9375 in (3,300 mm)
Frame	Plate frame
Loco weight	32.85 long tons (33.4 t)
Tender weight	25.5875 long tons (26.0 t)
Loco & tender weight	58.4375 long tons (59.4 t)
Tender type	2 axle bogies Wheels 20.5 in (521 mm) dia
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	2.85 long tons (2.9 t)
Water cap	2,860 imp gal (13,000 l)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	16.7 sq ft (1.551 m²)
Boiler	3 ft 11.75 in (1,213 mm) int dia 13 ft 1.5 in (4,000 mm) int length 5 ft 8.875 in (1,749 mm) pitch
Boiler pressure	171 psi (1,180 kPa)
Heating surface	968 sq ft (89.930 m²)
• Tubes	112 tubes 1.75 in (44.4 mm) ext dia 14 tubes 4.71875 in (120 mm) ext dia 900 sq ft (83.613 m²)
• Firebox	68 sq ft (6.317 m²)
Superheater: • Heating area	169 sq ft (15.701 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	15.75 in (400 mm) bore 17.75 in (451 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts
Loco brake	Air
Train brakes	Air, as built Air & vacuum, modified

Performance figures
Tractive effort	16,610 lbf (74 kN) at 75% pressure

Career
Operators	Otavi Mining and Railway Company South African Railways
Class	Otavi Class Hd SAR Class NG5
Number in class	3
Numbers	SW40-SW42
Delivered	1912
First run	1912
Withdrawn	1960
Disposition	Retired

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The South West African Class Hd 2-8-2 of 1912 is a narrow gauge steam locomotive from the Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika era.

In 1912 the German administration in Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika, now Namibia, acquired three Class Hd locomotives with a 2-8-2 Mikado type wheel arrangement to lease to the Otavi Mining and Railway Company for use on the line from Swakopmund to Karibib. When these locomotives were taken onto the roster of the South African Railways after World War I, they retained their German classification and engine numbers, but with an "SW" prefix to their numbers.^[1]

When a system of grouping narrow gauge locomotives into classes was eventually introduced by the South African Railways between 1928 and 1930, they were reclassified as Class NG5 along with similar locomotives that were placed in service by the South African Railways in 1922.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Manufacturer

Three narrow gauge 2-8-2 Mikado type steam locomotives were built for the German administration in Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika (DSWA) by Henschel and Son in Germany in 1912. They were designated Class Hd, numbered in the range from 40 to 42, and leased to the Otavi Mining and Railway Company for use on the section between Swakopmund and Karibib.^[1]^[4]

The German "Hd" classification identified the locomotive type as the fourth class to have been built for DSWA by Henschel.^[1]

The locomotives were superheated, with Walschaerts valve gear, piston valves and outside plate frames. They were equipped for trains with air brakes, which at the time was not yet used in South Africa. Since they were to be used across the Namib Desert, they were equipped with dust covers to protect the motion. Their leading and trailing carrying wheels were arranged as radial axles to allow for sideways motion of the wheels with respect to the locomotive frame, since the locomotive did not have separate bogie trucks.^[1]

South African Railways

After World War I, when the former German colony came under South African administration and all railway operations in South West Africa (SWA) were taken over by the South African Railways (SAR) in 1922, these locomotives retained their German Hd classification and engine numbers, but with an "SW" prefix to the numbers. This was to prevent confusion with the two Class NG1 locomotives of the SAR, which were numbered NG40 and NG41.^[1]

In SAR service they were also equipped with vacuum train brakes.^[2]

Reclassification

Ex Class Hd no. SW41, Class NG5 no. 41, plinthed in Otjiwarongo

A system of grouping narrow gauge locomotives into classes was only adopted by the SAR somewhere between 1928 and 1930 and at that point these three locomotives, along with six similar locomotives that were placed in service by the SAR in SWA in 1922, were all classified as Class NG5. These three locomotives retained their original German engine numbers, but the SW prefix was done away with since the two Class NG1 locomotives with duplicate engine numbers were at the time being withdrawn from service.^[1]^[2]

Service

They remained in service in SWA for their entire working lives, until they were all withdrawn from service when the SWA system was regauged to Cape gauge in 1960. Since they were unsuitable for use on the narrow gauge line in the Langkloof, all six of the 1922 vintage Class NG5 locomotives were sold as scrap in 1962.^[1]

Two of the 1912 vintage ex Class Hd locomotives were preserved. Number 40 was plinthed on the Usakos station platform, while number 41 was plinthed outside Otjiwarongo Railway Station.^[5]

Commemoration

A postage stamp depicting the Class Hd was one of a set of four commemorative South West African postage stamps that were issued on 2 August 1985 to commemorate the narrow gauge locomotives that pioneered railways in the territory. The stamp design was by the noted stamp designer and artist Koos van Ellinckhuijzen.^[6]^[7]

Illustration

Works picture of Class Hd no. 40, c. 1912

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 102, 110, 116–117. ISBN 0869772112.
1 2 3 South African Railways and Harbours Narrow Gauge Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” Gauge, S.A.R. Mechanical Dept. Drawing Office, Pretoria, 28 November 1932
↑ South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
↑ Henschel-Lieferliste (Henschel & Son works list), compiled by Dietmar Stresow
↑ Middleton, John N. (2002). Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009) (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. p. 33.
↑ Philatelic Bulletin 44, issued by Philatelic Services and INTERSAPA, 1985
↑ De Jager, Okkie and Steenkamp, Riaan - The Art of J.J. (Koos) van Ellinckhuijzen

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class Hd (2-8-2).

Steam Locomotives of South West Africa

600mm gauge (Narrow gauge)	DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge

3' 6" gauge (Cape gauge)	DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0

List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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