CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "4th Class". For other CGR 4th Class locomotives, see Cape Government Railways 4th Class locomotives.

CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884
South African Class 04 4-6-0 1884

Neilson works picture, c. 1884

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Cape Government Railways (J.D. Tilney)
Builder	Neilson and Company
Serial number	3068-3071
Build date	1883
Total produced	4

Specifications
Configuration	4-6-0 (Tenwheeler)
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Leading dia.	27 ¹⁄₂ in (698 mm)
Coupled dia.	38 ¹⁄₂ in (978 mm)
Tender wheels	27 ¹⁄₂ in (698 mm)
Wheelbase	39 ft 2 in (11,938 mm)
• Engine	18 ft 3 in (5,563 mm)
• Leading	5 ft (1,524 mm)
• Coupled	8 ft (2,438 mm)
• Tender	9 ft 3 in (2,819 mm)
• Tender bogie	4 ft 5 ¹⁄₂ in (1,359 mm)
Wheel spacing (Assymetrical)	1-2: 3 ft 4 in (1,016 mm) 2-3: 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	46 ft 7 ¹⁄₂ in (14,211 mm)
Height	12 ft (3,658 mm)
Frame type	Plate
Loco weight	28 LT 7 cwt 1 qtr (28,820 kg) empty 35 LT 1 cwt (35,610 kg) w/o
Tender weight	20 LT 2 cwt 1 qtr (20,440 kg) w/o
Loco & tender weight	55 LT 3 cwt 1 qtr (56,050 kg) w/o
Tender type	3 axle (1 leading, 1 bogie)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	5 LT (5.1 t)
Water cap	600 imp gal (2,700 l) engine 1,700 imp gal (7,700 l) tender
Firebox type	Round-top
• Firegrate area	18.25 sq ft (1.695 m²)
Boiler:
• Pitch	5 ft 9 in (1,753 mm)
• Diameter	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
• Tube plates	10 ft 4 ¹⁄₂ in (3,162 mm)
• Small tubes	143: 1 ³⁄₄ in (44 mm)
Boiler pressure	130 psi (896 kPa)
Safety valve	Salter
Heating surface	762.83 sq ft (70.869 m²)
• Tubes	679.6 sq ft (63.14 m²)
• Firebox	83.23 sq ft (7.732 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	15 in (381 mm) bore 20 in (508 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Joy as built Stephenson converted
Couplers	Bell link-and-pin

Performance figures
Tractive effort	11,396 lbf (50.69 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	Cape Government Railways South African Railways
Class	CGR 4th Class, SAR Class 04
Number in class	4
Numbers	E49-E52
Delivered	1884
First run	1884

The Cape Government Railways 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1884 is a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1884, the Cape Government Railways placed four experimental 4th Class 4-6-0 tank-and-tender locomotives in service. It was designed by J.D. Tilney, the Locomotive Superintendent of the Eastern System, to be able to use the low-grade local coal with its high content of incombustible matter.^[1]^[2]

Stormberg coalfields

In 1883, the extension of the Eastern System's line from Queenstown reached Sterkstroom and passed through the Stormberg coalfields, where the Molteno and Cyphergat collieries were operating. While the Colonial coal was much cheaper than imported Welsh coal, it had a non-combustable content of as high as 29%, which led to difficulties when it was used in locomotives, since it frequently caused train delays due to stops to allow the firemen to clear the grate of clinker and ash.^[1]^[3]

J.D. Tilney

Tests were carried out to compare the results obtained from the use of the sea-borne Merthyr coal, which was available at East London for use on down or inland journeys, and the Stormberg coal, which was used on the up or coastward journeys. It was found that the average fuel consumption on a return journey, when using Stormberg coal, was 63.35 pounds (28.7 kilograms) per train-mile, compared to 31.67 pounds (14.4 kilograms) per train-mile when using Merthyr coal.^[4]

In attempts to overcome the problem, J.D. Tilney, the Cape Government Railways (CGR) Eastern System's Locomotive Superintendent, carried out many experiments on some of the 4th Class locomotives, which had entered service on the Eastern System in 1880 and 1882. The most significant of these experiments involved modifying the boilers and frames to accommodate oscillating firebars and larger fireboxes.^[1]

Manufacturer

Based on the results of Tilney's experiments, complete sets of drawings for a 4-6-0 tank-and-tender goods locomotive, as well as a 4-4-0 American type tender passenger locomotive, were prepared at the CGR's Salt River shops in 1882. It was submitted to Neilson and Company, for the construction of two 4-4-0 and four 4-6-0 locomotives. In 1884 the experimental 4-6-0 locomotives, numbered in the range from E49 to E52, entered service on the Eastern System, for evaluation by Tilney.^[1]^[2]

Characteristics

The design of the two types was also an early attempt at standardisation, since the boilers and tenders and many other parts were made interchangeable. The three-axle tender was unusual, since the leading axle was mounted in a rigid frame while the other two were mounted in a bogie, a design which possibly had the aim of improving stability when running tender-first. This was the first time that a bogie was used under a tender in South Africa, but also the only time that this tender wheel arrangement was used on the CGR. This peculiar tender wheel arrangement appeared in South Africa on only one other occasion, eighteen years later on the Baldwin-built Zululand Railway Company contractor's locomotive in Natal.^[1]

Like the Neilson-built 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1882, these locomotives were built with Joy valve gear, but they had smaller coupled wheels of 38 ¹⁄₂ inches (978 millimetres) diameter. The coupled wheels were not spaced equidistant from each other, with a wheelbase of 3 feet 4 inches (1,016 millimetres) between the first and the driver and 4 feet 8 inches (1,422 millimetres) between the driver and the third.^[1]

The locomotives gave good results in service, but were difficult to fire due to their very long and narrow grates. When better quality coal, more suitable for use in the standard locomotives, began to become available from the coalfields in Natal, no more locomotives of this experimental design were ordered.^[1]

Service

Cape Government Railways

The Joy valve gear was not considered entirely satisfactory. After Michael Stephens retired and H.M. Beatty took over as Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CGR in 1896, these locomotives were converted to Stephenson valve gear and had their side-tanks removed.^[1]

By the time the three CGR systems linked up, the system number prefixes had been done away with and these locomotives were renumbered into the range from 641 to 644. By 1904, numbers 641 and 643 no longer appeared in the CGR locomotive register.^[1]^[2]

South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways, the CGR, the Natal Government Railways and the Central South African Railways, were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.^[3]^[5]

By 1912, only no. 644 survived. Like the rest of the 4th Class locomotives, it was considered obsolete by the SAR, designated Class 04 and renumbered to 0644. It was scrapped by 1918.^[5]

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 1: 1859-1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
1 2 3 C.G.R. Numbering Revised, Article by Dave Littley, SA Rail May–June 1993, pp. 94-95.
1 2 The South African Railways - Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, pp. 12, 25.
↑ Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1943). The Locomotive in South Africa - A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter II - The Cape Government Railways (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, October 1943. pp. 731-734.
1 2 Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, p. 26. (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)

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Locomotives of the Cape of Good Hope

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0 Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid

3' 6" gauge	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 1890 CGR 5th Class 1891 CGR 6th Class 1893 CGR 6th Class 1896 CGR 6th Class 1897 CGR 6th Class 1898 CGR 6th Class 1900 CGR 6th Class 1901 Baldwin CGR 6th Class 1901 Schenectady CGR 6th Class 1901 Neilson Reid CGR 6th Class 1902 CGR 6th Class 1904 CGR 6th Class 2-6-2 CGR 6th Class 2-6-4 CGR 7th Class 1892 CGR 7th Class 1896 CGR 7th Class 1902 CGR 8th Class 1901 CGR 8th Class 1902 CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 1903 CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 1903 CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 1903 Exp CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 1904 CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 1904 CGR 9th Class 1903 CGR 9th Class 1906 CGR 10th Class CGR Fairlie CGR Karoo 1903 CGR Karoo 1904 CGR Karoo Compound CGR Kitson-Meyer CGR Mountain 4-8-2 CGR Railmotor CGR Tandem Compound 1902 CGR Tandem Compound 1903 Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NCCR 7th Class 1899 NCCR 7th Class 1913 Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' gauge	CGR Baldwin 2-6-0 CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A CGR Type B CGR Type C

List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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