South African Class S1 0-8-0

No. 3814 in Germiston yard, August 1973

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	South African Railways
Builder	South African Railways (374-385) North British Locomotive (3801-3825)
Serial number	SAR none NBL 27261-27285
Model	Class S1
Build date	1947-1952
Total produced	37

Specifications
Configuration	0-8-0 "Eight-coupled"
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge
Driver diameter	48 in (1,219 mm)
Minimum curve	165 ft (50,292 mm)
Wheelbase	Total: 49 ft 0.0625 in (14,937 mm) Engine: 14 ft 9 in (4,496 mm) Tender: 6 ft 2 in (1,880 mm) bogie 20 ft 5 in (6,223 mm) total
Length	64 ft 6.1875 in (19,664 mm)
Height	12 ft 11.875 in (3,959 mm)
Frame	Bar frame
Axle load	19.9 long tons (20.2 t) on 2nd driver
Adhesive weight	74.4 long tons (75.6 t)
Loco weight	74.4 long tons (75.6 t)
Tender weight	62,416 lb (28.3 t) empty 65.65 long tons (66.7 t) w/o
Loco & tender weight	149,240 lb (67.7 t) empty 140.05 long tons (142.3 t) w/o
Tender type	JT1 * 2 axle bogies * 34 in (864 mm) wheels
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	11 long tons (11.2 t)
Water cap	6,000 imp gal (27,000 l)
Firebox: • Firegrate area	42 sq ft (3.902 m²)
Boiler	5 ft 10.5 in (1,791 mm) inside diameter 13 ft 2.5 in (4,026 mm) inside length 9 ft 2 in (2,794 mm) pitch
Boiler pressure	180 psi (1,240 kPa)
Heating surface	1,820 sq ft (169.084 m²)
• Tubes	151 tubes 2 in (51 mm) diameter 30 tubes 5.5 in (140 mm) diameter 1,600 sq ft (148.645 m²)
• Flues	52 sq ft (4.831 m²)
• Firebox	168 sq ft (15.608 m²)
Superheater: • Heating area	428 sq ft (39.763 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	23.25 in (591 mm) bore 25 in (635 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Walschaerts

Performance figures
Tractive effort	38,000 lbf (169 kN) at 75% pressure

Career
Operators	South African Railways
Class	Class S1
Number in class	37
Numbers	374-385 (SAR built) 3801-3825 (NBL built)
Delivered	1947-1954
First run	1947

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The South African Railways Class S1 0-8-0 of 1947 is a steam locomotive.

In 1947 the South African Railways placed twelve Class S1 shunting steam locomotives with a 0-8-0 wheel arrangement in service, built in the Salt River workshops in Cape Town. A further twenty-five, built in Scotland, were placed in service in 1954.^[1]^[2]

Manufacturers

A huge increase in traffic over the pre-World War II years led to the available dedicated shunting locomotives of the South African Railways (SAR) being very much over-taxed, to the extent that they had to be supplemented by mainline locomotives. During 1943 the requirement for more specialised shunting locomotives was identified by the SAR, but since the war was still in progress, it was not viable to obtain locomotives from the usual overseas suppliers.^[1]^[2]

Dr M.M. Loubser, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the SAR from 1939 to 1949, therefore prepared designs for a larger version of the Class S locomotive that had been introduced in 1929, that could be built in the SAR’s own workshops. The result was the Class S1 0-8-0 shunting locomotive, of which the first of twelve was delivered from the Salt River workshops in Cape Town in October 1947.^[1]^[2]

The first locomotive was formally handed over to the Operating Department by the senior member of the Railway Board, Mr F.T. Bates. In honour of the occasion it was named "Voortrekker".^[1]^[2]

The twelve locomotives were numbered in the range from 374 to 385. The Class S1 was the first steam locomotive to be designed and built by the SAR in quantity, although not the first to be designed and built in South Africa. The Natal Government Railways 2-8-2TT tank-tender locomotive Havelock had already taken that honour in 1888.^[2]^[3]^[4]

After the war a further twenty-five Class S1 locomotives were ordered from the North British Locomotive Company (NBL) in Glasgow. They were built in 1952 and delivered in 1953 and 1954, numbered in the range from 3801 to 3825.^[1]^[5]

Characteristics

The locomotives had bar frames, Walschaerts valve gear and were superheated. While their cylinders, driving wheel diameter, chassis and many other features were similar to that of the existing Class S shunting locomotives, their boilers were much larger, being a shortened version of the specially designed boiler that was used on the Class 12AR.^[2]^[6]

Since shunting locomotives are designed to operate at low speeds in tightly curved shunting yards, there was no need for the leading or trailing wheels that are necessary on mainline locomotives to improve high speed stability. In addition it is desirable to have as large a proportion of the locomotive weight as possible carried on the coupled wheels to obtain the maximum adhesion. As on that of the Class S, the top sides of its Type JT1 tender’s coal bunker were set inwards to improve the crew’s rearward vision.^[1]^[7]^[6]

The Class S1 was noted for its efficient and economical working. They were the SAR’s largest and finest shunting locomotives with quite an enormous shifting and accelerating ability, and could cope with block loads of up to 2,000 long tons (2,000 tonnes).^[6]

Service

The Class S1 was initially placed in service in the yards in Cape Town, but they ended up being used mainly in marshalling yards on the Transvaal Western System and on occasion also on the Cape Northern System, employed at Bloemfontein and Kimberley. By the 1970s they were distributed between Beaconsfield in Kimberley, Bloemfontein, Germiston, Kaserne, Springs and Witbank.^[2]^[6]

By 1982 they were all stationed at Germiston and its sub-depot at Kaserne, after which they began to be withdrawn from service. The withdrawal was probably expedited by the closure of the Koedoespoort works in Pretoria to steam repairs, since it was impractical to let them do long distance running to the next nearest steam locomotive works at Bloemfontein.^[6]

None of them were sold into industrial service.^[6]

Works numbers

The builders, works numbers, year built and SAR locomotive numbers of the Class S1 are listed in the table.^[1]^[5]

**SAR Class S1 0-8-0**
Builder	Works no.	Year	SAR no.
SAR		1947	374
SAR		1947	375
SAR		1947	376
SAR		1947	377
SAR		1947	378
SAR		1947	379
SAR		1947	380
SAR		1947	381
SAR		1947	382
SAR		1947	383
SAR		1947	384
SAR		1947	385
NBL	27261	1952	3801
NBL	27262	1952	3802
NBL	27263	1952	3803
NBL	27264	1952	3804
NBL	27265	1952	3805
NBL	27266	1952	3806
NBL	27267	1952	3807
NBL	27268	1952	3808
NBL	27269	1952	3809
NBL	27270	1952	3810
NBL	27271	1952	3811
NBL	27272	1952	3812
NBL	27273	1952	3813
NBL	27274	1952	3814
NBL	27275	1952	3815
NBL	27276	1952	3816
NBL	27277	1952	3817
NBL	27278	1952	3818
NBL	27279	1952	3819
NBL	27280	1952	3820
NBL	27281	1952	3821
NBL	27282	1952	3822
NBL	27283	1952	3823
NBL	27284	1952	3824
NBL	27285	1952	3825

Illustration

The main picture and the following photographs illustrate SAR and NBL built Class S1 locomotives and also show the special shape of the tender's coal bunker.

SAR-built no. 380 with enough water at Kaserne, 19 March 1983
SAR-built no. 381 at Germiston Loco, 23 April 1979
NBL-built no. 3819 at Germiston Loco, 26 June 1963

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). Locomotives of the South African Railways (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 80–81. ISBN 0869772112.
↑ Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 1: 1859-1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
↑ South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2’0” & 3’6” Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
1 2 North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
1 2 3 4 5 6 Durrant, A E (1989). Twilight of South African Steam (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, London: David & Charles. p. 121. ISBN 0715386387.
↑ SAR, PR Department (1947). The South African Railways - History, Scope and Organisation (1st, June 1947 ed.). Johannesburg: SAR Public Relations Department. p. 97.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South African Class S1 (0-8-0).

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London Harbour 0-4-0 Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0ST Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0T Table Bay Harbour 0-4-0WT

4' 8½" gauge	Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance

3' 6" gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST 1902 CGR 0-6-0T 1876 Back-to-Back CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T 1875 CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T 1882 CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack CSAR Railmotor DSWA Eight-Coupled Tank 2-8-0T Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth Harbour 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR 0-4-0ST 1903 SAR 0-4-0T no. 69 SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Clayton Railmotor

3' 6" gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Beyer, Peacock CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT 1881 CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT 1875 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 DSWA Eight-Coupled Tender 2-8-0 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 Red Devil

3' 6" gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U

2' 6" gauge	Cape Copper 0-6-0T 1871 Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Class Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Class Namaqua Copper Pioneer

2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T DSWA Class Ha DSWA Class Hb DSWA Class Hc DSWA Class Hd DSWA Jung DSWA Zwillinge NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR NG 0-4-0T 1899 SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Diesel

3' 6" gauge Diesel-electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 35-800 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000

2' gauge Diesel-electric	SAR Class 91-000

3' 6" gauge Diesel-hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000

3' 6" gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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