Growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor

Growth hormone releasing hormone receptor
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 2XDG​
Identifiers
Symbols	GHRHR ; GHRFR; GRFR; IGHD1B
External IDs	OMIM: 139191 MGI: 95710 HomoloGene: 640 IUPHAR: 247 ChEMBL: 2032 GeneCards: GHRHR Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • G-protein coupled receptor activity • protein binding • growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activity • peptide hormone binding • growth factor binding Cellular component • nuclear inner membrane • nuclear outer membrane • cytoplasm • plasma membrane • cell surface • integral component of membrane • nuclear matrix • secretory granule Biological process • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • activation of adenylate cyclase activity • lactation • positive regulation of cell proliferation • determination of adult lifespan • cAMP-mediated signaling • water homeostasis • growth hormone secretion • positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process • response to insulin • cellular response to insulin stimulus • regulation of intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of multicellular organism growth • hormone metabolic process • positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway • response to estrogen • cell maturation • multicellular organismal reproductive process • regulation of protein metabolic process • response to glucocorticoid • positive regulation of growth hormone secretion • somatotropin secreting cell development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2692	14602
Ensembl	ENSG00000106128	ENSMUSG00000004654
UniProt	Q02643	P32082
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000823	NM_001003685
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000814	NP_001003685
Location (UCSC)	Chr 7: 30.94 – 30.99 Mb	Chr 6: 55.38 – 55.39 Mb
PubMed search

The growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds growth hormone-releasing hormone. The GHRHR activates a Gs protein that causes a cascade of cAMP via Adenylate cyclase.^[1]

Function

This gene, expressed in the pituitary, encodes a receptor for growth-hormone-releasing hormone. Binding of this hormone to the receptor leads to synthesis and release of growth hormone. Mutations in this gene have been associated with isolated growth-hormone deficiency (IGHD), also known as Dwarfism of Sindh, a disorder characterized by short stature. Many alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been described, but only two have been characterized to date.^[2]

Ligands

Agonists

• CJC-1295
• Dumorelin
• GHRH (somatorelin)
• Rismorelin
• Sermorelin
• Tesamorelin

Antagonists

• MZ-5-156^[3][4]

References

1. Gaylinn BD (2002). "Growth hormone releasing hormone receptor". Receptors & Channels 8 (3–4): 155–62. doi:10.1080/10606820213679. PMID 12529933.
2. "Entrez Gene: GHRHR growth hormone releasing hormone receptor".
3. Kovács M, Schally AV, Zarándi M, Groot K (1997). "Inhibition of GH release of rats by new potent antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH)". Peptides 18 (3): 431–8. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(96)00334-8. PMID 9145432.
4. Banks WA, Morley JE, Farr SA, Price TO, Ercal N, Vidaurre I, Schally AV (Dec 2010). "Effects of a growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonist on telomerase activity, oxidative stress, longevity, and aging in mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107 (51): 22272–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.1016369107. PMC 3009756. PMID 21135231.

Further reading

• Gaylinn BD (Apr 1999). "Molecular and cell biology of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor". Growth Hormone & IGF Research. 9 Suppl A: 37–44. doi:10.1016/S1096-6374(99)80008-2. PMID 10429879.
• Lin-Su K, Wajnrajch MP (Dec 2002). "Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the GHRH Receptor". Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 3 (4): 313–23. doi:10.1023/A:1020949507265. PMID 12424433.
• Mayo KE (Oct 1992). "Molecular cloning and expression of a pituitary-specific receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone". Molecular Endocrinology 6 (10): 1734–44. doi:10.1210/me.6.10.1734. PMID 1333056.
• Squire J, Zhou A, Hassel BA, Nie H, Silverman RH (Jan 1994). "Localization of the interferon-induced, 2-5A-dependent RNase gene (RNS4) to human chromosome 1q25". Genomics 19 (1): 174–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1033. PMID 7514564.
• Hashimoto K, Koga M, Motomura T, Kasayama S, Kouhara H, Ohnishi T, Arita N, Hayakawa T, Sato B, Kishimoto T (Oct 1995). "Identification of alternatively spliced messenger ribonucleic acid encoding truncated growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor in human pituitary adenomas". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 80 (10): 2933–9. doi:10.1210/jc.80.10.2933. PMID 7559877.
• Tang J, Lagacé G, Castagné J, Collu R (Aug 1995). "Identification of human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor splicing variants". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 80 (8): 2381–7. doi:10.1210/jc.80.8.2381. PMID 7629234.
• Gaylinn BD, Harrison JK, Zysk JR, Lyons CE, Lynch KR, Thorner MO (Jan 1993). "Molecular cloning and expression of a human anterior pituitary receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone". Molecular Endocrinology 7 (1): 77–84. doi:10.1210/me.7.1.77. PMID 7680413.
• Gaylinn BD, von Kap-Herr C, Golden WL, Thorner MO (Jan 1994). "Assignment of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene (GHRHR) to 7p14 by in situ hybridization". Genomics 19 (1): 193–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1045. PMID 8188233.
• Wajnrajch MP, Gertner JM, Harbison MD, Chua SC, Leibel RL (Jan 1996). "Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse". Nature Genetics 12 (1): 88–90. doi:10.1038/ng0196-88. PMID 8528260.
• Netchine I, Talon P, Dastot F, Vitaux F, Goossens M, Amselem S (Feb 1998). "Extensive phenotypic analysis of a family with growth hormone (GH) deficiency caused by a mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 83 (2): 432–6. doi:10.1210/jc.83.2.432. PMID 9467553.
• Petersenn S, Rasch AC, Heyens M, Schulte HM (Feb 1998). "Structure and regulation of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene". Molecular Endocrinology 12 (2): 233–47. doi:10.1210/me.12.2.233. PMID 9482665.
• Maheshwari HG, Silverman BL, Dupuis J, Baumann G (Nov 1998). "Phenotype and genetic analysis of a syndrome caused by an inactivating mutation in the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor: Dwarfism of Sindh". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 83 (11): 4065–74. doi:10.1210/jc.83.11.4065. PMID 9814493.
• Salvatori R, Hayashida CY, Aguiar-Oliveira MH, Phillips JA, Souza AH, Gondo RG, Toledo SP, Conceicão MM, Prince M, Maheshwari HG, Baumann G, Levine MA (Mar 1999). "Familial dwarfism due to a novel mutation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84 (3): 917–23. doi:10.1210/jc.84.3.917. PMID 10084571.
• Morel G, Gallego R, Boulanger L, Pintos E, Garcia-Caballero T, Gaudreau P (Aug 1999). "Restricted presence of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor to somatotropes in rat and human pituitaries". Neuroendocrinology 70 (2): 128–36. doi:10.1159/000054467. PMID 10461027.
• Rekasi Z, Czompoly T, Schally AV, Halmos G (Sep 2000). "Isolation and sequencing of cDNAs for splice variants of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors from human cancers". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97 (19): 10561–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.180313297. PMC 27064. PMID 10962031.
• Salvatori R, Fan X, Phillips JA, Espigares-Martin R, Martin De Lara I, Freeman KL, Plotnick L, Al-Ashwal A, Levine MA (Jan 2001). "Three new mutations in the gene for the growth hormone (gh)-releasing hormone receptor in familial isolated gh deficiency type ib". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 (1): 273–9. doi:10.1210/jc.86.1.273. PMID 11232012.
• Kiaris H, Schally AV, Busto R, Halmos G, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Varga JL (Jan 2002). "Expression of a splice variant of the receptor for GHRH in 3T3 fibroblasts activates cell proliferation responses to GHRH analogs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (1): 196–200. doi:10.1073/pnas.012590999. PMC 117538. PMID 11773624.
• Salvatori R, Fan X, Mullis PE, Haile A, Levine MA (Mar 2002). "Decreased expression of the GHRH receptor gene due to a mutation in a Pit-1 binding site". Molecular Endocrinology 16 (3): 450–8. doi:10.1210/me.16.3.450. PMID 11875102.
• Plonowski A, Schally AV, Busto R, Krupa M, Varga JL, Halmos G (Jun 2002). "Expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and splice variants of GHRH receptors in human experimental prostate cancers". Peptides 23 (6): 1127–33. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00043-8. PMID 12126741.

External links

• IUPHAR GPCR Database – GHRH receptor
• somatotropin releasing hormone receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.