CD133

Prominin 1
Identifiers
Symbols	PROM1 ; AC133; CD133; CORD12; MCDR2; MSTP061; PROML1; RP41; STGD4
External IDs	OMIM: 604365 MGI: 1100886 HomoloGene: 4390 GeneCards: PROM1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • actinin binding • cadherin binding Cellular component • photoreceptor outer segment • extracellular space • endoplasmic reticulum • endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • brush border • cell surface • apical plasma membrane • microvillus membrane • vesicle • stereocilium • photoreceptor outer segment membrane • extracellular exosome Biological process • retina layer formation • photoreceptor cell maintenance • retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye • camera-type eye photoreceptor cell differentiation • glomerular visceral epithelial cell differentiation • glomerular parietal epithelial cell differentiation • positive regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8842	19126
Ensembl	ENSG00000007062	ENSMUSG00000029086
UniProt	O43490	O54990
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001145847	NM_001163577
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001139319	NP_001157049
Location (UCSC)	Chr 4: 15.96 – 16.08 Mb	Chr 5: 43.99 – 44.1 Mb
PubMed search

CD133 antigen also known as prominin-1 is a glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the PROM1 gene.^[1][2] It is a member of pentaspan transmembrane glycoproteins (5-transmembrane, 5-TM), which specifically localize to cellular protrusions. While the precise function of CD133 remains unknown, it has been proposed to act as an organizer of cell membrane topology.^[3]

Tissue distribution

CD133 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells,^[4] endothelial progenitor cells,^[5] glioblastoma, neuronal and glial stem cells,^[6] various pediatric brain tumors,^[7] as well as adult kidney, mammary glands, trachea, salivary glands, placenta, digestive tract, testes, and some other cell types.^[8][9]

Clinical significance

A CD133⁺ cell population in brain tumors is thought to be a cancer stem cell (CSC) population, which is rare, undergoes self-renewal and differentiation, and can propagate tumors when injected into immune-compromised mice.^[7][10][11] However, subsequent studies have indicated the difficulty in isolating pure CSC populations.^[12] CD133⁺ melanoma cells are considered a subpopulation of CSC a critical role in recurrence. Moreover, CD133⁺ melanoma cells are immunogenic and can be used as an antimelanoma vaccination. In mice the vaccination with CD133⁺ melanoma cells mediated strong anti-tumor activity that resulted in the eradication of parental melanoma cells.^[13] In addition, it has also been shown that CD133⁺ melanoma cells preferentially express the RNA helicase DDX3X . As DDX3X also is an immunogenic protein, the same anti-melanoma vaccination strategy can be employed to give therapeutic antitumor immunity in mice.^[14]

See also

• Stargardt disease

References

1. Yin AH, Miraglia S, Zanjani ED, Almeida-Porada G, Ogawa M, Leary AG, Olweus J, Kearney J, Buck DW (1997). "AC133, is a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells". Blood 90 (12): 5002–5012. PMID 9389720.
2. Corbeil D, Fargeas CA, Huttner WB (2001). "Rat prominin, like its mouse and human orthologues, is a pentaspan membrane glycoprotein". Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285 (4): 939–44. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5271. PMID 11467842.
3. Irollo E, Pirozzi G (2013). "CD133: to be or not to be, is this the real question?". Am J Transl Res 5 (6): 563–81. PMC 3786264. PMID 24093054.
4. Horn PA, Tesch H, Staib P, Kube D, Diehl V, Voliotis D (1999). "Expression of AC133, a novel hematopoietic precursor antigen, on acute myeloid leukemia cells". Blood 93 (4): 1435–37. PMID 10075457.
5. Corbeil D, Röper K, Hellwig A, Tavian M, Miraglia S, Watt SM, Simmons PJ, Peault B, Buck DW, Huttner WB (2000). "The human AC133 hematopoietic stem cell antigen is also expressed in epithelial cells and targeted to plasma membrane protrusions". J Biol Chem 275 (8): 5512–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.8.5512. PMID 10681530.
6. Sanai N, Alvarez-Buylla A, Berger MS (2005). "Neural stem cells and the origin of gliomas". N Engl J Med 353 (8): 811–822. doi:10.1056/NEJMra043666. PMID 16120861.
7. Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, Bonn VE, Hawkins C, Squire J, Dirks PB (2003). "Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors". Cancer Res 63 (1): 5821–5828. PMID 14522905.
8. Mizrak D, Brittan M, Alison M (2008). "CD133: Molecule of the moment". J Pathol 214 (1): 3–9. doi:10.1002/path.2283. PMID 18067118.
9. Shmelkov SV, St Clair R, Lyden D, Rafii S (2005). "AC133/CD133/Prominin-1". Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37 (4): 715–9. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.08.010. PMID 15694831.
10. Hemmati HD, Nakano I, Lazareff JA, Masterman-Smith M, Geschwind DH, Bronner-Fraser M, Kornblum HI (2003). "Cancerous stem cells can arise from pediatric brain tumors". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 (25): 15178–15183. doi:10.1073/pnas.2036535100. PMC 299944. PMID 14645703.
11. Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, Cipelletti B, Gritti A, De Vitis S, Fiocco R, Foroni C, Dimeco F, Vescovi A (2004). "Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma". Cancer Res 64 (19): 7011–7021. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1364. PMID 15466194.
12. Wang J, Sakariassen PØ, Tsinkalovsky O, Immervoll H, Bøe SO, Svendsen A, Prestegarden L, Røsland G, Thorsen F, Stuhr L, Molven A, Bjerkvig R, Enger PØ (2008). "CD133⁺ negative glioma cells form tumors in nude rats and give rise to CD133⁺ positive cells". Int J Cancer 122 (4): 761–768. doi:10.1002/ijc.23130. PMID 17955491.
13. Miyabayashi T, Kagamu H, Koshio J, Ichikawa K, Baba J, Watanabe S, Tanaka H, Tanaka J, Yoshizawa H, Nakata K, Narita I (2011). "Vaccination with CD133⁺(+) melanoma induces specific Th17 and Th1 cell-mediated antitumor reactivity against parental tumor". Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 60 (11): 1597–608. doi:10.1007/s00262-011-1063-x. PMID 21691723.
14. Koshio J, Kagamu H, Nozaki K, Saida Y, Tanaka T, Shoji S, Igarashi N, Miura S, Okajima M, Watanabe S, Yoshizawa H, Narita I (2013). "DEAD/H (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His) box polypeptide 3, X-linked is an immunogenic target of cancer stem cells". Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 62 (10): 1619–28. doi:10.1007/s00262-013-1467-x. PMID 23974721.

Further reading

• Shimizu K, Itoh T, Shimizu M, Ku Y, Hori Y (2009). "CD133 expression pattern distinguishes intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms from ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas". Pancreas 38 (8): e207–14. doi:10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181bb5037. PMID 19786935.
• Bertolini G, Roz L, Perego P, Tortoreto M, Fontanella E, Gatti L, Pratesi G, Fabbri A, Andriani F, Tinelli S, Roz E, Caserini R, Lo Vullo S, Camerini T, Mariani L, Delia D, Calabrò E, Pastorino U, Sozzi G (2009). "Highly tumorigenic lung cancer CD133+ cells display stem-like features and are spared by cisplatin treatment". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (38): 16281–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905653106. PMC 2741477. PMID 19805294.
• Salnikov AV, Gladkich J, Moldenhauer G, Volm M, Mattern J, Herr I (2010). "CD133 is indicative for a resistance phenotype but does not represent a prognostic marker for survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients". Int. J. Cancer 126 (4): 950–8. doi:10.1002/ijc.24822. PMID 19676044.
• Nishide K, Nakatani Y, Kiyonari H, Kondo T (2009). Lowenstein, Pedro R., ed. "Glioblastoma Formation from Cell Population Depleted of Prominin1-Expressing Cells". PLoS ONE 4 (8): e6869. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006869. PMC 2729925. PMID 19718438.
• Na YR, Seok SH, Kim DJ, Han JH, Kim TH, Jung H, Lee BH, Park JH (2009). "Isolation and characterization of spheroid cells from human malignant melanoma cell line WM-266-4". Tumour Biol. 30 (5–6): 300–9. doi:10.1159/000261073. PMID 19940551.
• Sun Y, Kong W, Falk A, Hu J, Zhou L, Pollard S, Smith A (2009). Chédotal, Alain, ed. "CD133 (Prominin) Negative Human Neural Stem Cells Are Clonogenic and Tripotent". PLoS ONE 4 (5): e5498. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005498. PMC 2676510. PMID 19430532.
• Wu X, Spitz MR, Lee JJ, Lippman SM, Ye Y, Yang H, Khuri FR, Kim E, Gu J, Lotan R, Hong WK (2009). "Novel Susceptibility Loci for Second Primary Tumors/Recurrence in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Large Scale Evaluation of Genetic Variants". Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa) 2 (7): 617–24. doi:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0025. PMC 2964280. PMID 19584075.
• Yao J, Zhang T, Ren J, Yu M, Wu G (2009). "Effect of CD133/prominin-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on in vitro growth characteristics of Huh-7 human hepatocarcinoma cells and U251 human glioma cells". Oncol. Rep. 22 (4): 781–7. doi:10.3892/or_00000500. PMID 19724856.
• Yasuda H, Tanaka K, Saigusa S, Toiyama Y, Koike Y, Okugawa Y, Yokoe T, Kawamoto A, Inoue Y, Miki C, Kusunoki M (2009). "Elevated CD133, but not VEGF or EGFR, as a predictive marker of distant recurrence after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer". Oncol. Rep. 22 (4): 709–17. doi:10.3892/or_00000491. PMID 19724847.
• Yoshikawa S, Zen Y, Fujii T, Sato Y, Ohta T, Aoyagi Y, Nakanuma Y (2009). "Characterization of CD133+ parenchymal cells in the liver: Histology and culture". World J. Gastroenterol. 15 (39): 4896–906. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.4896. PMC 2764966. PMID 19842219.
• Ferrandina G, Martinelli E, Petrillo M, Prisco MG, Zannoni G, Sioletic S, Scambia G (2009). "CD133 antigen expression in ovarian cancer". BMC Cancer 9: 221. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-221. PMID 19583859.
• Wang Q, Chen ZG, Du CZ, Wang HW, Yan L, Gu J (2009). "Cancer stem cell marker CD133+ tumour cells and clinical outcome in rectal cancer". Histopathology 55 (3): 284–93. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03378.x. PMID 19723143.
• Friedman S, Lu M, Schultz A, Thomas D, Lin RY (2009). Breant, Bernadette, ed. "CD133+ Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells Initiate Tumors in Immunodeficient Mice and Are Regulated by Thyrotropin". PLoS ONE 4 (4): e5395. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005395. PMC 2671400. PMID 19404394.
• Cheng JX, Liu BL, Zhang X (2009). "How powerful is CD133 as a cancer stem cell marker in brain tumors?". Cancer Treat. Rev. 35 (5): 403–8. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.03.002. PMID 19369008.
• Horst D, Kriegl L, Engel J, Kirchner T, Jung A (2009). "Prognostic significance of the cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD44, and CD166 in colorectal cancer". Cancer Invest. 27 (8): 844–50. doi:10.1080/07357900902744502. PMID 19626493.
• Yeh CT, Kuo CJ, Lai MW, Chen TC, Lin CY, Yeh TS, Lee WC (2009). "CD133-positive hepatocellular carcinoma in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection". BMC Cancer 9: 324. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-9-324. PMC 2753636. PMID 19744348.
• Li CY, Li BX, Liang Y, Peng RQ, Ding Y, Xu DZ, Zhang X, Pan ZZ, Wan DS, Zeng YX, Zhu XF, Zhang XS (2009). "Higher percentage of CD133+ cells is associated with poor prognosis in colon carcinoma patients with stage IIIB". J Transl Med 7: 56. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-7-56. PMC 2715381. PMID 19583834.
• Hibi K, Sakata M, Sakuraba K, Shirahata A, Goto T, Mizukami H, Saito M, Ishibashi K, Kigawa G, Nemoto H, Sanada Y (2009). "CD133 gene overexpression is frequently observed in early colorectal carcinoma". Hepatogastroenterology 56 (93): 995–7. PMID 19760928.
• Pras E, Abu A, Rotenstreich Y, Avni I, Reish O, Morad Y, Reznik-Wolf H, Pras E (2009). "Cone-rod dystrophy and a frameshift mutation in the PROM1 gene". Mol. Vis. 15: 1709–16. PMC 2732717. PMID 19718270.
• Rutella S, Bonanno G, Procoli A, Mariotti A, Corallo M, Prisco MG, Eramo A, Napoletano C, Gallo D, Perillo A, Nuti M, Pierelli L, Testa U, Scambia G, Ferrandina G (2009). "Cells with characteristics of cancer stem/progenitor cells express the CD133 antigen in human endometrial tumors". Clin. Cancer Res. 15 (13): 4299–311. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1883. PMID 19509143.

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Retinitis Pigmentosa Overview