CD34

CD34 molecule
Identifiers
Symbol CD34
External IDs OMIM: 142230 MGI: 88329 HomoloGene: 1343 GeneCards: CD34 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 947 12490
Ensembl ENSG00000174059 ENSMUSG00000016494
UniProt P28906 Q64314
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001025109 NM_001111059
RefSeq (protein) NP_001020280 NP_001104529
Location (UCSC) Chr 1:
207.88 – 207.91 Mb		 Chr 1:
194.94 – 194.96 Mb
PubMed search

Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34 also known as CD34 antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD34 gene.[1][2][3]

CD34 is a cluster of differentiation in a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of stem cells to bone marrow extracellular matrix or directly to stromal cells.

Function

The CD34 protein is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane sialomucin proteins that show expression on early hematopoietic and vascular-associated tissue.[4] However, little is known about its exact function.[5]

CD34 is also an important adhesion molecule and is required for T cells to enter lymph nodes. It is expressed on lymph node endothelia, whereas the L-selectin to which it binds is on the T cell.[6][7] Conversely, under other circumstances CD34 has been shown to act as molecular "Teflon" and block mast cell, eosinophil and dendritic cell precursor adhesion, and to facilitate opening of vascular lumens.[8][9] Finally, recent data suggest CD34 may also play a more selective role in chemokine-dependent migration of eosinophils and dendritic cell precursors.[10][11] Regardless of its mode of action, under all circumstances CD34, and its relatives podocalyxin and endoglycan, facilitates cell migration.[4][10]

Tissue distribution

Cells expressing CD34 (CD34+ cell) are normally found in the umbilical cord and bone marrow as hematopoietic cells, a subset of mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells of blood vessels but not lymphatics (except pleural lymphatics), mast cells, a sub-population dendritic cells (which are factor XIIIa-negative) in the interstitium and around the adnexa of dermis of skin, as well as cells in soft tissue tumors like DFSP, GIST, SFT, HPC, and to some degree in MPNSTs, etc. The presence of CD34 on non-hematopoietic cells in various tissues has been linked to progenitor and adult stem cell phenotypes.[12]

It is important to mention that Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells [LT-HSCs] in mice and humans are the hematopoietic cells with the greatest self-renewal capacity. Human HSCs express CD34 marker.

CD34 is expressed in roughly 20% of murine hematopoietic stem cells,[13] and can be stimulated and reversed.[14]

Clinical applications

CD34+ cells may be isolated from blood samples using immunomagnetic or immunofluorescent methods.

Antibodies are used to quantify and purify hematopoietic progenitor stem cells for research and for clinical bone marrow transplantation. However, counting CD34+ mononuclear cells may overestimate myeloid blasts in bone marrow smears due to hematogones (B lymphocyte precursors) and CD34+ megakaryocytes.

Cells observed as CD34+ and CD38- are of an undifferentiated, primitive form; i.e., they are multipotential hemopoietic stem cells. Thus, because of their CD34+ expression, such undifferentiated cells can be sorted out.

In tumors, CD34 is found in alveolar soft part sarcoma, preB-ALL (positive in 75%), AML (40%), AML-M7 (most), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, giant cell fibroblastoma, granulocytic sarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, mengingeal hemangiopericytomas, meningiomas, neurofibromas, schwannomas, and papillary thyroid carcinoma.

A negative CD34 may exclude Ewing's sarcoma/PNET, myofibrosarcoma of the breast, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the stomach.

Injection of CD34+ hematopoietic Stem Cells has been clinically applied to treat various diseases including Spinal Cord Injury,[15] Liver Cirrhosis[16] and Peripheral Vascular disease.[17] Research has shown that CD34+ cells are relatively more in men than in women in the reproductive age among Spinal Cord Injury victims.[18]

Interactions

CD34 has been shown to interact with CRKL.[19] It also interacts with L-selectin, important in inflammation.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CD34 CD34 molecule".
  2. ↑ Simmons DL, Satterthwaite AB, Tenen DG, Seed B (Jan 1992). "Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding CD34, a sialomucin of human hematopoietic stem cells". Journal of Immunology 148 (1): 267–71. PMID 1370171.
  3. ↑ Satterthwaite AB, Burn TC, Le Beau MM, Tenen DG (Apr 1992). "Structure of the gene encoding CD34, a human hematopoietic stem cell antigen". Genomics 12 (4): 788–94. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90310-O. PMID 1374051.
  4. 1 2 Nielsen JS, McNagny KM (Nov 2008). "Novel functions of the CD34 family". Journal of Cell Science 121 (Pt 22): 3683–92. doi:10.1242/jcs.037507. PMID 18987355.
  5. ↑ Furness SG, McNagny K (2006). "Beyond mere markers: functions for CD34 family of sialomucins in hematopoiesis". Immunologic Research 34 (1): 13–32. doi:10.1385/IR:34:1:13. PMID 16720896.
  6. ↑ Berg EL, Mullowney AT, Andrew DP, Goldberg JE, Butcher EC (Feb 1998). "Complexity and differential expression of carbohydrate epitopes associated with L-selectin recognition of high endothelial venules". The American Journal of Pathology 152 (2): 469–77. PMC 1857953. PMID 9466573.
  7. ↑ Suzawa K, Kobayashi M, Sakai Y, Hoshino H, Watanabe M, Harada O, Ohtani H, Fukuda M, Nakayama J (Jul 2007). "Preferential induction of peripheral lymph node addressin on high endothelial venule-like vessels in the active phase of ulcerative colitis". The American Journal of Gastroenterology 102 (7): 1499–509. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01189.x. PMID 17459027.
  8. ↑ Drew E, Merzaban JS, Seo W, Ziltener HJ, McNagny KM (Jan 2005). "CD34 and CD43 inhibit mast cell adhesion and are required for optimal mast cell reconstitution". Immunity 22 (1): 43–57. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2004.11.014. PMID 15664158.
  9. ↑ Strilić B, Kucera T, Eglinger J, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Tsukita S, Dejana E, Ferrara N, Lammert E (Oct 2009). "The molecular basis of vascular lumen formation in the developing mouse aorta". Developmental Cell 17 (4): 505–15. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.08.011. PMID 19853564.
  10. 1 2 Blanchet MR, Maltby S, Haddon DJ, Merkens H, Zbytnuik L, McNagny KM (Sep 2007). "CD34 facilitates the development of allergic asthma". Blood 110 (6): 2005–12. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-12-062448. PMID 17557898.
  11. ↑ Blanchet MR, Bennett JL, Gold MJ, Levantini E, Tenen DG, Girard M, Cormier Y, McNagny KM (Sep 2011). "CD34 is required for dendritic cell trafficking and pathology in murine hypersensitivity pneumonitis". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 184 (6): 687–98. doi:10.1164/rccm.201011-1764OC. PMC 3208601. PMID 21642249.
  12. ↑ Sidney LE, Branch MJ, Dunphy SE, Dua HS, Hopkinson A (Jun 2014). "Concise review: evidence for CD34 as a common marker for diverse progenitors". Stem Cells 32 (6): 1380–9. doi:10.1002/stem.1661. PMC 4260088. PMID 24497003.
  13. ↑ Ogawa M, Tajima F, Ito T, Sato T, Laver JH, Deguchi T (Jun 2001). "CD34 expression by murine hematopoietic stem cells. Developmental changes and kinetic alterations". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 938: 139–45. Bibcode:2001NYASA.938..139O. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03583.x. PMID 11458501.
  14. ↑ Tajima F, Sato T, Laver JH, Ogawa M (Sep 2000). "CD34 expression by murine hematopoietic stem cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor". Blood 96 (5): 1989–93. PMID 10961905.
  15. ↑ Srivastava A, Bapat M, Ranade S, Srinivasan V, Murugan P, Manjunath S, Thamaraikannan P, Abraham S (2010). "Autologous Multiple Injections of in Vitro Expanded Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cells For Cervical Level Spinal Cord Injury - A Case Report". Journal of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine.
  16. ↑ Terai S, Ishikawa T, Omori K, Aoyama K, Marumoto Y, Urata Y, Yokoyama Y, Uchida K, Yamasaki T, Fujii Y, Okita K, Sakaida I (Oct 2006). "Improved liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous bone marrow cell infusion therapy". Stem Cells 24 (10): 2292–8. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0542. PMID 16778155.
  17. ↑ Subrammaniyan R, Amalorpavanathan J, Shankar R, Rajkumar M, Baskar S, Manjunath SR, Senthilkumar R, Murugan P, Srinivasan VR, Abraham S (Sep 2011). "Application of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells in six patients with advanced chronic critical limb ischemia as a result of diabetes: our experience". Cytotherapy 13 (8): 993–9. doi:10.3109/14653249.2011.579961. PMID 21671823.
  18. ↑ Dedeepiya V, Rao YY, Jayakrishnan G, Parthiban JK, Baskar S, Manjunath S, Senthilkumar R, Abraham S (2012). "Index of CD34+ cells and mononuclear cells in the bone marrow of Spinal cord Injury patients of different age groups- A comparative analysis". Bone Marrow Research.
  19. ↑ Felschow DM, McVeigh ML, Hoehn GT, Civin CI, Fackler MJ (Jun 2001). "The adapter protein CrkL associates with CD34". Blood 97 (12): 3768–75. doi:10.1182/blood.V97.12.3768. PMID 11389015.

Further reading

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, January 30, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.