Urokinase receptor

Plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor

Rendering based on PDB 1YWH.
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
Symbols PLAUR ; CD87; U-PAR; UPAR; URKR
External IDs OMIM: 173391 MGI: 97612 HomoloGene: 48120 ChEMBL: 4883 GeneCards: PLAUR Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 5329 18793
Ensembl ENSG00000011422 ENSMUSG00000046223
UniProt Q03405 P35456
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001005376 NM_011113
RefSeq (protein) NP_001005376 NP_035243
Location (UCSC) Chr 19:
43.65 – 43.67 Mb
Chr 7:
24.46 – 24.48 Mb
PubMed search

The Urokinase receptor, also known as uPA receptor or uPAR or CD87 (Cluster of Differentiation 87), is multidomain glycoprotein tethered to the cell membrane with a glycosylphosphotidylinositol (GPI) anchor. uPAR was originally identified as a saturable binding site for urokinase on the cell surface.

Molecular characteristics

uPAR consists of three different domains of the Ly-6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin family. All three domains are necessary for high affinity binding of the primary ligand, urokinase. It has been possible to express uPAR recombinantly in CHO-cells and S2 cells from Drosophila melanogaster. 4 out of 5 of the possible glycosylation sites are used in vivo giving the protein a molecular weight of 50-60 kDA. Recently the structure of uPAR was solved by X-ray crystallography in complex with a peptide antagonist[1] and with its native ligand, urokinase.[2]

Besides the primary ligand urokinase, uPAR interacts with several other proteins, among others: vitronectin, the uPAR associated protein (uPARAP) and the integrin family of membrane proteins.

Physiological significance

uPAR is a part of the plasminogen activation system, which in the healthy body is involved in tissue reorganization events such as mammary gland involution and wound healing. In order to be able to reorganize tissue, the old tissue must be able to be degraded. An important mechanism in this degradation is the proteolysis cascade initiated by the plasminogen activation system. uPAR binds urokinase and thus restricts plasminogen activation to the immediate vicinity of the cell membrane. Thus uPAR seems to be an important player in the regulation of this process.

However the components of the plasminogen activation system have been found to be highly expressed in many malignant tumors, indicating that tumors are able to hijack the system, and use it in metastasis. Thus inhibitors of the various components of the plasminogen activation system have been sought as possible anticancer drugs.

uPAR has been involved in various other non-proteolytical processes related to cancer, such as cell migration, cell cycle regulation, and cell adhesion.

When uPA is bound to the receptor, there is cleavage between the GPI-anchor and the uPAR, releasing suPAR.[3]

Interactions

Urokinase receptor has been shown to interact with LRP1.[4]

See also

References

Further reading

  • Kjøller L (2003). "The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility.". Biol. Chem. 383 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1515/BC.2002.002. PMID 11928822. 
  • Chavakis T, Kanse SM, May AE, Preissner KT (2002). "Haemostatic factors occupy new territory: the role of the urokinase receptor system and kininogen in inflammation.". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 30 (2): 168–73. doi:10.1042/BST0300168. PMID 12023845. 
  • Ploug M, Gårdsvoll H, Jørgensen TJ, et al. (2002). "Structural analysis of the interaction between urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor: a potential target for anti-invasive cancer therapy.". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 30 (2): 177–83. doi:10.1042/BST0300177. PMID 12023847. 
  • Alfano M, Sidenius N, Blasi F, Poli G (2004). "The role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor in HIV-1 infection.". J. Leukoc. Biol. 74 (5): 750–6. doi:10.1189/jlb.0403176. PMID 12960238. 
  • Alfano D, Franco P, Vocca I, et al. (2005). "The urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor: role in cell growth and apoptosis.". Thromb. Haemost. 93 (2): 205–11. doi:10.1160/TH04-09-0592. PMID 15711734. 

External links

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