South African type XF tender
Type XF tender (6 LT) on CSAR Class 8-L2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The South African type XF tender was a steam locomotive tender from the pre-Union era in the Transvaal.
The Type XF tender first entered service in 1902, as tenders to the 8th Class 4-8-0 Mastodon type steam locomotives which were acquired by the Imperial Military Railways in that year. These locomotives were designated Class 8A on the South African Railways in 1912.[1][2][3]
Manufacturers
Type XF tenders were built between 1901 and 1912 by Neilson, Reid and Company, North British Locomotive Company and Sharp, Stewart and Company.[1][2][3]
The original 8th Class locomotive and tender was designed in 1901 by H.M. Beatty, the Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the Cape Government Railways (CGR), at its Salt River works in Cape Town. The Type XF first entered service in 1902, as tender to the forty 8th Class locomotives which were built for the Imperial Military Railways (IMR) by Neilson, Reid and Sharp, Stewart.[1][2][3]
Between 1903 and 1912, Type XF tenders were also delivered as tenders to the third batch of the CGR 8th Class of 1902 which entered service on the Eastern System, the Classes 8-L2 and 8-L3 of the Central South African Railways (CSAR) and the Class ME of the South African Railways (SAR).[2][3][4]
Classification
Since many tender types are interchangeable between different locomotive classes and types, a tender classification system was adopted by the SAR and these tenders were designated Type XF.[1][3][5]
In the SAR years, tenders were numbered for the engines they were delivered with. In most cases, an oval number plate, bearing the engine number and tender type, would be attached to the rear end of the tender. During the classification and renumbering of locomotives onto the SAR roster in 1912, no separate classification and renumbering list was published for tenders, which should have been renumbered according to the locomotive renumbering list.[5]
Five locomotive classes were delivered new with Type XF tenders, built by three manufacturers. Bearing in mind that tenders could and did migrate between engines, the tenders should have been renumbered in the SAR number blocks as shown.[2][3][4][5]
- 1902: IMR 8th Class, SAR Class 8A, numbers 1092 to 1131.
- 1903: CGR 8th Class of 1902, SAR Class 8, third batch, numbers 1082 to 1091.
- 1903: CSAR Class 8-L2, SAR Class 8B, numbers 1132 to 1161.
- 1903: CSAR Class 8-L3, SAR Class 8C, numbers 1162 to 1191.
- 1912: SAR Class ME, number 1618.[3][5]
Letter codes
The first letter of the tender type indicates the classes of engines to which it can be coupled. The "X_" tenders could be used with the following locomotive classes:[3]
- CGR Mountain, SAR Class 4
- SAR Class 4A
- SAR Class 5
- CGR 6th Class of 1897, SAR Class 6B
- Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen 6th Class L3, SAR Class 6E
- CGR 6th Class of 1901 (Neilson, Reid), SAR Class 6H
- CGR 6th Class of 1902, SAR Class 6J
- CGR 8th Class of 1902, SAR Class 8
- IMR 8th Class, SAR Class 8A
- CSAR Class 8-L2, SAR Class 8B
- CSAR Class 8-L3, SAR Class 8C
- CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 of 1903, SAR Class 8D
- CGR 8th Class Experimental, SAR Class 8E
- CGR 8th Class 4-8-0 of 1904, SAR Class 8F
- CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 of 1903, SAR Class 8Y
- CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 of 1904, SAR Class 8Z
- CSAR Class 9, SAR Class 9
- CSAR Class 10, SAR Class 10
- CSAR Class 10-2 Saturated, SAR Class 10A
- CSAR Class 10-2 Superheated. SAR Class 10B
- CSAR Class 10-C, SAR Class 10C
- CSAR Class 11, SAR Class 11
- CGR 9th Class of 1903, SAR Class Experimental 4
- CGR 9th Class of 1906, SAR Class Experimental 5
- CGR 10th Class, SAR Class Experimental 6
- SAR Class ME
- CSAR Mallet Superheated, SAR Class MF
The second letter indicates the tender's water capacity. The "_F" tenders had a capacity of 3,000 imperial gallons (13,600 litres).[3]
A number, when added after the letter code, indicates differences between similar tender types, such as wheelbase or coal bunker capacity.[3]
Modification and rebuilding
Since SAR tender type classification is based on the classes of engines to which it can be coupled and its water capacity, tenders of the same type can be completely different in appearance, which makes it difficult to identify many tender types by physical appearance. In the case of the Type XF, some of the tenders were built new as Type XF and often subsequently modified, while some were rebuilt with larger capacity water tanks, which promoted them from other types to Type XF.[2][3]
Modification
Pictures of most of these locomotives in service show them with a modified tender with built-up sides to the coal bunker, to increase the coal capacity. Early versions of the built-up coal bunker sides were in the form of a slatted open-top cage, made of rectangular steel rods. Later versions were constructed of sheet-metal. By 1941, only tender no. 1618 of the sole Class ME Mallet locomotive was still shown in the SAR Locomotive Diagram Book as having a 6 long tons (6.1 tonnes) coal capacity.[2][3]
Rebuilding
Between 1912 and 1941, probably c. 1930, some redundant Type XC tenders from Class 10C locomotives, some Type XD tenders from Classes 6H, 6J and 8, and some Type XE1 tenders from Classes 8, 8D, 8E, 8F, 8Y, 8Z and Experimental 4, were completely rebuilt by the SAR, by mounting a completely new upper structure on the existing underframe. Since their new tanks increased their water capacity to 3,000 imperial gallons (13,600 litres), these tenders were reclassified to Type XF. Most of these rebuilt tenders had a coal capacity of 10 long tons (10.2 tonnes), but some had coal bunkers with a 11 long tons 15 hundredweight (11.9 tonnes) capacity. These rebuilt tenders had a more modern appearance, with smooth sides all the way to the top.[2][3]
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Type XF with slatted top on CSAR Class 8-L1, c. 1910
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Type XF with sheet-metal top on SAR Class 8A, 2005
References
- 1 2 3 4 Holland, D.F. (1971). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 1: 1859-1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 124–126. ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. p. 43.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 South African Railways & Harbours/Suid Afrikaanse Spoorweë en Hawens (15 Aug 1941). Locomotive Diagram Book/Lokomotiefdiagramboek, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge/Spoorwydte, Steam Locomotives/Stoomlokomotiewe. SAR/SAS Mechanical Department/Werktuigkundige Dept. Drawing Office/Tekenkantoor, Pretoria. pp. 6a-7a, 41, 43.
- 1 2 Holland, D.F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways, Volume 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, Devon: David & Charles. pp. 14–17, 21–22. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
- 1 2 3 4 Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 8, 12, 15, 37 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
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