CD59

CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein
PDB rendering based on 1cdq.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1CDQ​, 1CDR​, 1CDS​, 1ERG​, 1ERH​, 2J8B​, 2OFS​, 2UWR​, 2UX2​, 4BIK​
Identifiers
Symbols	CD59 ; 16.3A5; 1F5; EJ16; EJ30; EL32; G344; HRF-20; HRF20; MAC-IP; MACIF; MEM43; MIC11; MIN1; MIN2; MIN3; MIRL; MSK21; p18-20
External IDs	OMIM: 107271 MGI: 1888996 HomoloGene: 56386 GeneCards: CD59 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • complement binding • protein binding Cellular component • extracellular space • plasma membrane • focal adhesion • cell surface • membrane • anchored component of external side of plasma membrane • vesicle • sarcolemma • compact myelin • extracellular exosome Biological process • negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex • cell surface receptor signaling pathway • blood coagulation • regulation of complement activation • positive regulation of T cell proliferation • negative regulation of apoptotic process • innate immune response Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	966	333883
Ensembl	ENSG00000085063	ENSMUSG00000068686
UniProt	P13987	P58019
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000611	NM_181858
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000602	NP_862906
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 33.7 – 33.74 Mb	Chr 2: 104.07 – 104.09 Mb
PubMed search

CD59 glycoprotein also known as MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), or protectin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD59 gene.^[1]

CD59 attaches to host cells via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. When complement activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent C9 from polymerizing and forming the complement membrane attack complex.^[2] Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and decay-accelerating factor on red blood cells result in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.^[3]

Viruses such as HIV, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope to prevent lysis by complement.^[4]

References

1. "Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein".
2. Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S (September 2006). "Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (37): 27398–27404. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. PMID 16844690.
3. Parker C, Omine M, Richards S; et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.
4. Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z (July 2004). "Cell signals transduced by complement". Mol. Immunol. 41 (6–7): 583–597. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. PMID 15219997.

Further reading

• Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP (1992). "Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells". Immunology 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722. PMID 1372592.
• Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. (1992). "Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55)". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (6): 1579–1585. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635. PMID 1376264.
• Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. (1992). "Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59". Science 256 (5065): 1805–1807. doi:10.1126/science.1377404. PMID 1377404.
• Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (1992). "The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690.
• Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. (1992). "Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (17): 7876–7879. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876. PMC 49817. PMID 1381503.
• Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H (1992). "Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene". Eur. J. Immunol. 22 (10): 2669–2673. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029. PMID 1382994.
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1992). "Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid". Immunology 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564. PMID 1383132.
• Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H (1992). "Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation". J. Mol. Biol. 227 (3): 971–976. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G. PMID 1383553.
• Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. (1990). "The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility". Eur. J. Immunol. 20 (1): 87–92. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113. PMID 1689664.
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. (1990). "Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes". DNA Cell Biol. 9 (3): 213–220. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213. PMID 1692709.
• Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. (1990). "Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". N. Engl. J. Med. 323 (17): 1184–1189. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707. PMID 1699124.
• Rooney IA, Morgan BP (1991). "Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins". Immunology 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423. PMID 1702747.
• Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP (1990). "Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids". Biochem. J. 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908. PMID 2302178.
• Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. (1989). "20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162 (3): 1553–1559. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8. PMID 2475111.
• Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. (1989). "CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells". J. Exp. Med. 170 (3): 637–654. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637. PMC 2189447. PMID 2475570.
• Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. (1989). "Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (16): 6728–6728. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728. PMC 318369. PMID 2476718.
• Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement". J. Biochem. 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909.
• Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. (1994). "Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye". Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007.
• Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. (1994). "Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins". Biochemistry 33 (15): 4471–4482. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006. PMID 7512825.
• Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. (1994). "Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59". Transplantation 57 (10): 1494–501. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017. PMID 7515200.

External links

• CD59 Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)