List of state leaders in 1899

See also
List of state leaders in 1898 Events of 1899 List of state leaders in 1900 State leaders by year List of religious leaders in 1899 List of sovereign states in 1899 List of colonial governors in 1899

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1899.

Africa

Abyssinia – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1889–1913)
Ashanti Confederacy – Opoku Mensa, Chair of the Committee of Administration (1896–1900)
Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908) (part way through the year Burundi became a German colony, reducing the King to a mainly ceremonial role)
Dervish state -
Khedivate of Egypt – Abbas II (1892–1914) (under British occupation)
Liberia – William D. Coleman, President of Liberia (1896–1900)
Sultanate of Morocco – Abdelaziz (1894–1908)
Orange Free State – Martinus Theunis Steyn, State President of the Orange Free State (1896–1902)
Somaliland Dervish State - Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
South African Republic (Transvaal) - Paul Kruger, State President of the South African Republic (1883–1902)
Swaziland - Sobhuza II
Beylik of Tunis – Ali Muddat ibn al-Husayn (1882–1902) (under French protectorate)
Sultanate of Zanzibar – Sayyid Hamud bin Muhammed Al-Busaid (1896–1902) (under British protectorate)

Asia

Emirate of Afghanistan – Abdur Rahman Khan (1880–1901)
British Empire -
- Kingdom of Bahrain (Protectorate) - Hakim of Bahrain (1869–1932)
- Sultanate of Brunei (Protectorate) - Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin (1885–1906)
- Trucial States -
  - Abu Dhabi – Zayed bin Khalifa Al Nahyan, Ruler of Abu Dhabi (1855–1909)
China (Qing dynasty)
- Emperor - Guangxu Emperor (1875–1908)
- De facto ruler - Empress Dowager Cixi (1898–1908)
- Tibet – Thubten Gyatso, Dalai Lama (1876–1933)
Filipinas
- President - Emilio Aguinaldo (1899–1901)
- President of the Council of Government -
  1. Apolinario Mabini, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
  2. Pedro Paterno, Prime Minister of the Philippines (1899)
French Indochina -
- Kingdom of Cambodia – Norodom (1860–1904)
- Luang Phrabang – Zakarine, King of Luang Prabang (1895–1904)
- Kingdom of Champasak – Kham Souk, King of Champasak (1863–1900)
- Vietnam (Nguyễn dynasty) - Thành Thái, Emperor (1889–1907)
Emirate of Ha'il (House of Al Rashid) - Abdul-Aziz bin Mitab, Amirs of the House of Rashid (1897–1906)
Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Emperor Meiji (1867–1912)
- Prime Minister - Yamagata Aritomo (1898–1900)
Korean Empire - Gojong (1864–1907, King before 1897)
Kuwait – Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1896–1915)
Sultanate of Oman – Faisal bin Turki (1888–1913)
Persia – Mozzafar-al-Din Shah, Shah of Persia (1896–1907)
Siam – Chulalongkorn, Chakri Dynasty (1868–1910)

Europe

Andorra
- Co-Princes -
  - French Co-Prince:
    1. Félix Faure, President of France (1895–1899)
    2. Émile Loubet, President of France (1899–1906)
  - Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
- First Syndic - Josep Calva (1899–1901)
Austria-Hungary – Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Minister-President of Austria -
1. Count Franz von Thun und Hohenstein (1898–1899)
2. Count Manfred von Clary und Aldringen (1899)
3. Heinrich von Wittek (1899–1900)
- Minister-President of Hungary -
1. Baron Dezső Bánffy (1895–1899)
2. Kálmán Széll (1899–1903)
Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold II, King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
- Prime Minister of Belgium -
  1. Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1896–1899)
  2. Jules Vandenpeereboom (1899)
  3. Paul de Smet de Naeyer (1899–1907)
Principality of Bulgaria
- Monarch – Ferdinand I (1886–1918)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Konstantin Stoilov (1894–1899)
  2. Dimitar Grekov (1899)
  3. Todor Ivanchov (1899–1901)
Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Christian IX (1863–1906)
- Prime Minister - Hugo Egmont Hørring (1897–1900)
French Third Republic –
- President -
  1. Félix Faure (1895–1899)
  2. Émile Loubet (1899–1906)
- President of the Council -
  1. Charles Dupuy (1898–1899)
  2. René Waldeck-Rousseau (1899–1902)
German Empire –
- Monarch – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1888–1918)
- Chancellor - Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1894–1900)
- see also List of German rulers in 1899
Kingdom of Greece
- Monarch – George I (1863–1913)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Alexandros Zaimis (1897–1899)
  2. Georgios Theotokis (1899–1901)
Holy See – Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903)
Kingdom of Italy
- Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)
- Prime Minister – Luigi Pelloux (1898–1900)
Principality of Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Johann II (1858–1929)
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Monarch – Adolphe (1890–1905)
- Prime Minister - Paul Eyschen (1888–1915)
Principality of Monaco
- Monarch – Albert I (1889–1922)
Principality of Montenegro
- Monarch – Nicholas I (1860–1918)
- Prime Minister - Bozo Petrovic-Njegos (1879–1905)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Wilhelmina (1890–1948)
- Prime Minister – Nicolaas Pierson (1897–1901)
Sweden–Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
- Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1905)
- Prime Minister – Johannes Steen (1898–1902)
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan – Abdulhamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)
- Grand Vizier – Halil Rifat Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (1895–1901)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Carlos I (1889–1908)
- President of the Council of Ministers - José Luciano de Castro (1897–1900)(1897–1900)
Kingdom of Romania
- Monarch – Carol I (1881–1914)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Dimitrie Sturdza (1897–1899)
  2. Gheorghe Cantacuzino (1899–1900)
Russian Empire – Nicholas II (1894–1917)
San Marino
- Captains Regent -
  1. Marino Borbiconi and Francesco Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1898–1899)
  2. Gemino Gozi and Giacomo Marcucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899)
  3. Frederico Gozi and Silvestro Vita, Captains Regent of San Marino (1899–1900)
Kingdom of Serbia
- Monarch – Alexander I (1889–1903)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Vladan Djordjevic (1897–1900)
Kingdom of Spain –
- Monarch – Alfonso XIII (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina (1885–1902)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1897–1899)
  2. Francisco Silvela le Vielleuze (1899–1900)
Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway -
- Monarch – Oscar II (1872–1907)
- Prime Minister Erik Gustaf Boström (1891–1900)
Switzerland –
- Swiss Federal Council - Eduard Müller, Walter Hauser, Adolf Deucher, Adrien Lachenal (until 1899), Robert Comtesse (since 1899), Josef Zemp, Eugene Ruffy (until 1899), Marc-Emile Ruchet (since 1899), Ernst Brenner
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland –
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1885–1886, 1886–1892, 1895–1902)

North America

Dominion of Canada
- Monarch – Victoria of the United Kingdom (1867–1901)
- Governor-General - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (1898–1904)
- Prime Minister -Wilfrid Laurier (1896–1911)
Costa Rica – Rafael Yglesias Castro, President of Costa Rica (1894–1902)
Dominican Republic
- President of the Dominican Republic -
  1. Ulises Heureaux (1889–1899)
  2. Wenceslao Figuereo (1899)
  3. Horacio Vásquez (1899)
  4. Juan Isidro Jiménez (1899–1902)
El Salvador – Tomás Regalado, President of El Salvador (1898–1903)
Guatemala – Manuel José Estrada Cabrera, President of Guatemala (1898–1920)
Haiti – Tirésias Simon-Sam, President of Haiti (1896–1902)
Honduras
- President -
  1. Policarpo Bonilla (1894–1899)
  2. Terencio Sierra (1899–1903)
Mexico - Porfirio Díaz, President of Mexico (1884–1911)
Nicaragua – José Santos Zelaya, President of Nicaragua (1893–1909)
United States - William McKinley, President of the United States (1897–1901)

Oceania

New Zealand
- Monarch – Victoria of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
- Governor-General - The Earl of Ranfurly (1897–1904)
- Prime Minister - Richard Seddon (1893–1906)
Niue – Togia-Pulu-toaki, King of Niue (1896-?)
Samoa – Malietoa Tanumafili I, Malietoa (1898–1939)
Tonga
- Monarch – George Tupou II, King of Tonga (1893–1918)
- Prime Minister - Siosateki Veikune (1893–1904)

South America

Republic of Acre – Luiz Galvez Rodrigues de Aria, President (1899–1900)
Argentina – Julio Argentino Roca, President of Argentina (1898–1904)
Bolivia –
1. Severo Fernández, President of Bolivia (1896–1899)
2. José Manuel Pando, President of Bolivia (1899–1904)
Brazil – Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales, President of Brazil (1898–1902)
Chile – Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President of Chile (1896–1901)
Colombia – Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, President of Colombia (1898–1900)
Ecuador – Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador (1895–1901)
Paraguay – Emilio Aceval, President of Paraguay (1898–1902)
Peru –
1. Nicolás de Piérola, President of Peru (1895–1899)
2. Eduardo López de Romaña, President of Peru (1899–1903)
Uruguay –
1. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1897–1899)
2. José Batlle y Ordóñez, interim President of Uruguay (1899)
3. Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President of Uruguay (1899–1903)
Venezuela –
1. Ignacio Andrade, President of Venezuela (1898–1899)
2. Cipriano Castro, President of Venezuela (1899–1908)

Lists of state leaders by year

21st century	2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001

20th century	2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 1960 1959 1958 1957 1956 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 1946 1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 1933 1932 1931 1930 1929 1928 1927 1926 1925 1924 1923 1922 1921 1920 1919 1918 1917 1916 1915 1914 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 1908 1907 1906 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901

19th century	1900 1899 1898 1897 1896 1895 1894 1893 1892 1891 1890 1889 1888 1887 1886 1885 1884 1883 1882 1881 1880 1879 1878 1877 1876 1875 1874 1873 1872 1871 1870 1869 1868 1867 1866 1865 1864 1863 1862 1861 1860 1859 1858 1857 1856 1855 1854 1853 1852 1851 1850 1849 1848 1847 1846 1845 1844 1843 1842 1841 1840 1839 1838 1837 1836 1835 1834 1833 1832 1831 1830 1829 1828 1827 1826 1825 1824 1823 1822 1821 1820 1819 1818 1817 1816 1815 1814 1813 1812 1811 1810 1809 1808 1807 1806 1805 1804 1803 1802 1801

18th century	1800 1799 1798 1797 1796 1795 1794 1793 1792 1791 1790 1789 1788 1787 1786 1785 1784 1783 1782 1781 1780 1779 1778 1777 1776 1775 1774 1773 1772 1771 1770 1769 1768 1767 1766 1765 1764 1763 1762 1761 1760 1759 1758 1757 1756 1755 1754 1753 1752 1751 1750 1749 1748 1747 1746 1745 1744 1743 1742 1741 1740 1739 1738 1737 1736 1735 1734 1733 1732 1731 1730 1729 1728 1727 1726 1725 1724 1723 1722 1721 1720 1719 1718 1717 1716 1715 1714 1713 1712 1711 1710 1709 1708 1707 1706 1705 1704 1703 1702 1701

17th century	1700 1699 1698 1697 1696 1695 1694 1693 1692 1691 1690 1689 1688 1687 1686 1685 1684 1683 1682 1681 1680 1679 1678 1677 1676 1675 1674 1673 1672 1671 1670 1669 1668 1667 1666 1665 1664 1663 1662 1661 1660 1659 1658 1657 1656 1655 1654 1653 1652 1651 1650 1649 1648 1647 1646 1645 1644 1643 1642 1641 1640 1639 1638 1637 1636 1635 1634 1633 1632 1631 1630 1629 1628 1627 1626 1625 1624 1623 1622 1621 1620 1619 1618 1617 1616 1615 1614 1613 1612 1611 1610 1609 1608 1607 1606 1605 1604 1603 1602 1601

16th century	1600 1599 1598 1597 1596 1595 1594 1593 1592 1591 1590 1589 1588 1587 1586 1585 1584 1583 1582 1581 1580 1579 1578 1577 1576 1575 1574 1573 1572 1571 1570 1569 1568 1567 1566 1565 1564 1563 1562 1561 1560 1559 1558 1557 1556 1555 1554 1553 1552 1551 1550 1549 1548 1547 1546 1545 1544 1543 1542 1541 1540 1539 1538 1537 1536 1535 1534 1533 1532 1531 1530 1529 1528 1527 1526 1525 1524 1523 1522 1521 1520 1519 1518 1517 1516 1515 1514 1513 1512 1511 1510 1509 1508 1507 1506 1505 1504 1503 1502 1501

15th century	1500 1499 1498 1497 1496 1495 1494 1493 1492 1491 1490 1489 1488 1487 1486 1485 1484 1483 1482 1481 1480 1479 1478 1477 1476 1475 1474 1473 1472 1471 1470 1469 1468 1467 1466 1465 1464 1463 1462 1461 1460 1459 1458 1457 1456 1455 1454 1453 1452 1451 1450 1449 1448 1447 1446 1445 1444 1443 1442 1441 1440 1439 1438 1437 1436 1435 1434 1433 1432 1431 1430 1429 1428 1427 1426 1425 1424 1423 1422 1421 1420 1419 1418 1417 1416 1415 1414 1413 1412 1411 1410 1409 1408 1407 1406 1405 1404 1403 1402 1401

14th century	1400 1399 1398 1397 1396 1395 1394 1393 1392 1391 1390 1389 1388 1387 1386 1385 1384 1383 1382 1381 1380 1379 1378 1377 1376 1375 1374 1373 1372 1371 1370 1369 1368 1367 1366 1365 1364 1363 1362 1361 1360 1359 1358 1357 1356 1355 1354 1353 1352 1351 1350 1349 1348 1347 1346 1345 1344 1343 1342 1341 1340 1339 1338 1337 1336 1335 1334 1333 1332 1331 1330 1329 1328 1327 1326 1325 1324 1323 1322 1321 1320 1319 1318 1317 1316 1315 1314 1313 1312 1311 1310 1309 1308 1307 1306 1305 1304 1303 1302 1301

13th century	1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1295 1294 1293 1292 1291 1290 1289 1288 1287 1286 1285 1284 1283 1282 1281 1280 1279 1278 1277 1276 1275 1274 1273 1272 1271 1270 1269 1268 1267 1266 1265 1264 1263 1262 1261 1260 1259 1258 1257 1256 1255 1254 1253 1252 1251 1250 1249 1248 1247 1246 1245 1244 1243 1242 1241 1240 1239 1238 1237 1236 1235 1234 1233 1232 1231 1230 1229 1228 1227 1226 1225 1224 1223 1222 1221 1220 1219 1218 1217 1216 1215 1214 1213 1212 1211 1210 1209 1208 1207 1206 1205 1204 1203 1202 1201

12th century	1200 1199 1198 1197 1196 1195 1194 1193 1192 1191 1190 1189 1188 1187 1186 1185 1184 1183 1182 1181 1180 1179 1178 1177 1176 1175 1174 1173 1172 1171 1170 1169 1168 1167 1166 1165 1164 1163 1162 1161 1160 1159 1158 1157 1156 1155 1154 1153 1152 1151 1150 1149 1148 1147 1146 1145 1144 1143 1142 1141 1140 1139 1138 1137 1136 1135 1134 1133 1132 1131 1130 1129 1128 1127 1126 1125 1124 1123 1122 1121 1120 1119 1118 1117 1116 1115 1114 1113 1112 1111 1110 1109 1108 1107 1106 1105 1104 1103 1102 1101

11th century	1100 1099 1098 1097 1096 1095 1094 1093 1092 1091 1090 1089 1088 1087 1086 1085 1084 1083 1082 1081 1080 1079 1078 1077 1076 1075 1074 1073 1072 1071 1070 1069 1068 1067 1066 1065 1064 1063 1062 1061 1060 1059 1058 1057 1056 1055 1054 1053 1052 1051 1050 1049 1048 1047 1046 1045 1044 1043 1042 1041 1040 1039 1038 1037 1036 1035 1034 1033 1032 1031 1030 1029 1028 1027 1026 1025 1024 1023 1022 1021 1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 1010 1009 1008 1007 1006 1005 1004 1003 1002 1001

10th century	1000 999 998 997 996 995 994 993 992 991 990 989 988 987 986 985 984 983 982 981 980 979 978 977 976 975 974 973 972 971 970 969 968 967 966 965 964 963 962 961 960 959 958 957 956 955 954 953 952 951 950 949 948 947 946 945 944 943 942 941 940 939 938 937 936 935 934 933 932 931 930 929 928 927 926 925 924 923 922 921 920 919 918 917 916 915 914 913 912 911 910 909 908 907 906 905 904 903 902 901

9th century	900 899 898 897 896 895 894 893 892 891 890 889 888 887 886 885 884 883 882 881 880 879 878 877 876 875 874 873 872 871 870 869 868 867 866 865 864 863 862 861 860 859 858 857 856 855 854 853 852 851 850 849 848 847 846 845 844 843 842 841 840 839 838 837 836 835 834 833 832 831 830 829 828 827 826 825 824 823 822 821 820 819 818 817 816 815 814 813 812 811 810 809 808 807 806 805 804 803 802 801

8th century	800 799 798 797 796 795 794 793 792 791 790 789 788 787 786 785 784 783 782 781 780 779 778 777 776 775 774 773 772 771 770 769 768 767 766 765 764 763 762 761 760 759 758 757 756 755 754 753 752 751 750 749 748 747 746 745 744 743 742 741 740 739 738 737 736 735 734 733 732 731 730 729 728 727 726 725 724 723 722 721 720 719 718 717 716 715 714 713 712 711 710 709 708 707 706 705 704 703 702 701

7th century	List of state leaders in the 7th century

6th century	List of state leaders in the 6th century

5th century	List of state leaders in the 5th century

4th century	List of state leaders in the 4th century

3rd century	List of state leaders in the 3rd century

2nd century	List of state leaders in the 2nd century

1st century	List of state leaders in the 1st century

1st century BC	List of state leaders in the 1st century BC 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

2nd century BC	101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200

3rd century BC	201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300

4th century BC	301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400

5th century BC	401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500

6th century BC and earlier	500s 510s 520s 530s 540s 550s 560s 570s 580s 590s 600s 610s 620s 630s 640s 650s 660s 670s 680s 690s 700s 710s 720s 730s 740s 750s 760s 770s 780s 790s 800s 810s 820s 830s 840s 850s 860s 870s 880s 890s 900s 910s 920s 930s 940s 950s 960s 970s 980s 990s 1000s 1010s 1020s 1030s 1040s 1050s 1060s 1070s 1080s 1090s 1100s 1110s 1120s 1130s 1140s 1150s 1160s 1170s 1180s 1190s 13th century BC 14th century BC 15th century BC 16th century BC 17th century BC 18th century BC 19th century BC 20th century BC 4th and 3rd millennia BC

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