ARID2

AT rich interactive domain 2 (ARID, RFX-like)
Identifiers
Symbols	ARID2 ; BAF200; p200
External IDs	OMIM: 609539 MGI: 1924294 HomoloGene: 14601 GeneCards: ARID2 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • DNA binding • protein binding • metal ion binding Cellular component • nucleoplasm • plasma membrane • BAF-type complex Biological process • nucleosome disassembly • transcription, DNA-templated • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • chromatin modification Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	196528	77044
Ensembl	ENSG00000189079	ENSMUSG00000033237
UniProt	Q68CP9	E9Q6E3
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_152641	NM_175251
RefSeq (protein)	NP_689854	NP_780460
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 45.73 – 45.91 Mb	Chr 15: 96.29 – 96.4 Mb
PubMed search

AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2 (ARID2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARID2 gene.^[1]

Function

ARID2 is a subunit of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex, which facilitates ligand-dependent transcriptional activation by nuclear receptors.^[1]

Structure

The ARID2 protein contains two conserved C-terminal C2H2 zinc fingers motifs, a region rich in the amino acid residues proline and glutamine, a RFX (regulatory factor X)-type winged-helix DNA-binding domain, and a conserved N-terminal AT-rich DNA interaction domain—the last domain for which the protein is named.^[2]

Clinical significance

Mutation studies have revealed ARID2 to be a significant tumor suppressor in many cancer subtypes. ARID2 mutations are prevalent in hepatocellular carcinoma^[3] and melanoma.^[4][5] Mutations are present in a smaller but significant fraction in a wide range of other tumors.^[6] ARID2 mutations are enriched in hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in the US and European patient populations compared with the overall mutation frequency.^[2]

Model organisms

Arid2 knockout mouse phenotype

Characteristic	Phenotype
Homozygote viability	Abnormal
Recessive lethal study	Abnormal
Fertility	Normal
Body weight	Normal
Anxiety	Normal
Neurological assessment	Normal
Grip strength	Normal
Hot plate	Normal
Dysmorphology	Normal
Indirect calorimetry	Normal
Glucose tolerance test	Normal
Auditory brainstem response	Normal
DEXA	Normal
Radiography	Normal
Body temperature	Normal
Eye morphology	Normal
Clinical chemistry	Normal
Haematology	Normal
Peripheral blood lymphocytes	Normal
Micronucleus test	Normal
Heart weight	Normal
Skin Histopathology	Normal
Brain histopathology	Normal
Eye Histopathology	Normal
Salmonella infection	Normal[7]
Citrobacter infection	Normal[8]
All tests and analysis from[9][10]

The ARID2 gene, located on chromosome 12q in humans, consists of 21 exons; orthologs are known from mouse, rat, cattle, chicken, and mosquito.^[2] Model organisms have been used in the study of ARID2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Arid2^{tm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi[11][12]} was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program, a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.^[13][14][15]

Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.^[9][16] Twenty six tests were carried out on mutant adult mice and two significant abnormalities were observed.^[9] A recessive lethal study found less homozygous mutant embryos during gestation than predicted by Mendelian ratio. In a second study, no homozygous mutant animals survived until weaning. The remaining tests were carried out on heterozygous mutant adult mice; these displayed no abnormalities.^[9]

References

1. "Entrez Gene: ARID2 AT rich interactive domain 2 (ARID, RFX-like)".
2. Zhao H, Wang J, Han Y, Huang Z, Ying J, Bi X, Zhao J, Fang Y, Zhou H, Zhou J, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yan T, Wang L, Torbenson MS, Cai J (Nov 2011). "ARID2: a new tumor suppressor gene in hepatocellular carcinoma". Oncotarget 2 (11): 886–91. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.355. PMC 3259997. PMID 22095441.
3. Li M, Zhao H, Zhang X, Wood LD, Anders RA, Choti MA, Pawlik TM, Daniel HD, Kannangai R, Offerhaus GJ, Velculescu VE, Wang L, Zhou S, Vogelstein B, Hruban RH, Papadopoulos N, Cai J, Torbenson MS, Kinzler KW (Sep 2011). "Inactivating mutations of the chromatin remodeling gene ARID2 in hepatocellular carcinoma". Nature Genetics 43 (9): 828–9. doi:10.1038/ng.903. PMC 3163746. PMID 21822264.
4. Hodis E, Watson IR, Kryukov GV, Arold ST, Imielinski M, Theurillat JP, Nickerson E, Auclair D, Li L, Place C, Dicara D, Ramos AH, Lawrence MS, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, Voet D, Saksena G, Stransky N, Onofrio RC, Winckler W, Ardlie K, Wagle N, Wargo J, Chong K, Morton DL, Stemke-Hale K, Chen G, Noble M, Meyerson M, Ladbury JE, Davies MA, Gershenwald JE, Wagner SN, Hoon DS, Schadendorf D, Lander ES, Gabriel SB, Getz G, Garraway LA, Chin L (Jul 2012). "A landscape of driver mutations in melanoma". Cell 150 (2): 251–63. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.024. PMC 3600117. PMID 22817889.
5. Krauthammer M, Kong Y, Ha BH, Evans P, Bacchiocchi A, McCusker JP, Cheng E, Davis MJ, Goh G, Choi M, Ariyan S, Narayan D, Dutton-Regester K, Capatana A, Holman EC, Bosenberg M, Sznol M, Kluger HM, Brash DE, Stern DF, Materin MA, Lo RS, Mane S, Ma S, Kidd KK, Hayward NK, Lifton RP, Schlessinger J, Boggon TJ, Halaban R (Sep 2012). "Exome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic RAC1 mutations in melanoma". Nature Genetics 44 (9): 1006–14. doi:10.1038/ng.2359. PMC 3432702. PMID 22842228.
6. Shain AH, Pollack JR (2013). "The spectrum of SWI/SNF mutations, ubiquitous in human cancers". PLOS ONE 8 (1): e55119. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055119. PMC 3552954. PMID 23355908.
7. "Salmonella infection data for Arid2". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
8. "Citrobacter infection data for Arid2". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
9. Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica 88 (S248). doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
10. Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
11. "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
12. "Mouse Genome Informatics".
13. Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (Jun 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
14. Dolgin E (Jun 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
15. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (Jan 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
16. van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism". Genome Biology 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.

Further reading

• Martens JA, Winston F (Apr 2003). "Recent advances in understanding chromatin remodeling by Swi/Snf complexes". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 13 (2): 136–42. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(03)00022-4. PMID 12672490.
• Nagase T, Kikuno R, Nakayama M, Hirosawa M, Ohara O (Aug 2000). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVIII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Research 7 (4): 273–81. doi:10.1093/dnares/7.4.271. PMID 10997877.
• Mohrmann L, Langenberg K, Krijgsveld J, Kal AJ, Heck AJ, Verrijzer CP (Apr 2004). "Differential targeting of two distinct SWI/SNF-related Drosophila chromatin-remodeling complexes". Molecular and Cellular Biology 24 (8): 3077–88. doi:10.1128/MCB.24.8.3077-3088.2004. PMC 381637. PMID 15060132.
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW (Jun 2004). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nature Biotechnology 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID 15146197.
• Diederichs S, Bäumer N, Ji P, Metzelder SK, Idos GE, Cauvet T, Wang W, Möller M, Pierschalski S, Gromoll J, Schrader MG, Koeffler HP, Berdel WE, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C (Aug 2004). "Identification of interaction partners and substrates of the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (32): 33727–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401708200. PMID 15159402.
• Patsialou A, Wilsker D, Moran E (2005). "DNA-binding properties of ARID family proteins". Nucleic Acids Research 33 (1): 66–80. doi:10.1093/nar/gki145. PMC 546134. PMID 15640446.
• Wilsker D, Probst L, Wain HM, Maltais L, Tucker PW, Moran E (Aug 2005). "Nomenclature of the ARID family of DNA-binding proteins". Genomics 86 (2): 242–51. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.03.013. PMID 15922553.
• Yan Z, Cui K, Murray DM, Ling C, Xue Y, Gerstein A, Parsons R, Zhao K, Wang W (Jul 2005). "PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex requires a novel specificity subunit, BAF200, to regulate expression of selective interferon-responsive genes". Genes & Development 19 (14): 1662–7. doi:10.1101/gad.1323805. PMC 1176002. PMID 15985610.
• Zhang X, Azhar G, Zhong Y, Wei JY (Aug 2006). "Zipzap/p200 is a novel zinc finger protein contributing to cardiac gene regulation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 346 (3): 794–801. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.211. PMID 16782067.

External links

• ARID2 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.