GATA6

GATA binding protein 6
Identifiers
Symbol	GATA6
External IDs	OMIM: 601656 MGI: 107516 HomoloGene: 68449 GeneCards: GATA6 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding • chromatin binding • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding • protein binding • transcription factor binding • zinc ion binding • protein kinase binding • transcription regulatory region DNA binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleoplasm • transcription factor complex Biological process • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • in utero embryonic development • liver development • outflow tract septum morphogenesis • type B pancreatic cell differentiation • pancreatic A cell differentiation • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • phospholipid metabolic process • endodermal cell fate determination • blood coagulation • male gonad development • cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress • negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production • negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production • tube morphogenesis • response to drug • negative regulation of apoptotic process • response to estrogen • positive regulation of angiogenesis • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • organ formation • smooth muscle cell differentiation • positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation • cardiac muscle cell differentiation • positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation • lung saccule development • Clara cell differentiation • Type II pneumocyte differentiation • intestinal epithelial cell differentiation • cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation • response to growth factor • positive regulation of cell cycle arrest • cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus • cellular response to hypoxia • cellular response to BMP stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2627	14465
Ensembl	ENSG00000141448	ENSMUSG00000005836
UniProt	Q92908	Q61169
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005257	NM_010258
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005248	NP_034388
Location (UCSC)	Chr 18: 22.17 – 22.2 Mb	Chr 18: 11.05 – 11.09 Mb
PubMed search

Transcription factor GATA-6, also known as GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6), is protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA6 gene.^[1] The gene product preferentially binds (A/T/C)GAT(A/T)(A) of the consensus binding sequence.^[2]

Clinical significance

Mutations in the gene have been linked with pancreatic agenesis and congenital heart defects.^[3]

Lung Endodermal Epithelial Development

GATA-6, a zinc finger transcription factor, is important in the endodermal differentiation of organ tissues.^[4] It is also indicated in proper lung development by controlling the late differentiation stages of alveolar epithelium and aquaporin-5 promoter activation. Furthermore, GATA-6 has been linked to the production of LIF, a cytokine that encourages proliferation of endodermal embryonic stem cells and blocks early epiblast differentiation. If left unregulated in the developing embryo, this cytokine production and chemical signal contributes to the phenotypes discussed further below.^[5]

Upon the disruption of GATA-6 in an embryo, the distal lung epithelial development is stunted in transgenic mice models^[4] The progenitor cells, or stem cells, for alveolar epithelial tissues develop and are specified appropriately, however further differentiation does not occur. Also the distal-proximal bronchiole development is affected, resulting in a reduced quantity of airway exchange sites.^[4]

This branching deficit, which will cause bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia after birth, has been locally associated with areas lacking differentiated alveolar epithelium, implicating this phenotype as inherent to endodermal function, and thus may be indirectly linked to improper GATA-6 expression.^[6][7] That is, a deficit of bronchiole branching may not be a result of direct transcriptional error in GATA-6, but rather a side affect of such an error.

See also

• GATA transcription factor

References

1. "Entrez Gene: GATA6 GATA binding protein 6".
2. Sakai Y, Nakagawa R, Sato R, Maeda M (1998). "Selection of DNA binding sites for human transcriptional regulator GATA-6.". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 250 (3): 682–688. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9374. PMID 9784406.
3. Chao CS, McKnight KD, Cox KL, Chang AL, Kim SK, Feldman BJ (2015). "Novel GATA6 Mutations in Patients with Pancreatic Agenesis and Congenital Heart Malformations". PLOS ONE 10 (2): e0118449. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118449. PMID 25706805.
4. Yang H, Lu MM, Zhang L, Whitsett JA, Morrisey EE (May 2002). "GATA6 regulates differentiation of distal lung epithelium". Development 129 (9): 2233–46. PMID 11959831.
5. Morgani SM, Brickman JM (October 2015). "LIF supports primitive endoderm expansion during pre-implantation development". Development 142 (20): 3488–99. doi:10.1242/dev.125021. PMID 26395492.
6. Keijzer R, van Tuyl M, Meijers C, Post M, Tibboel D, Grosveld F, Koutsourakis M (February 2001). "The transcription factor GATA6 is essential for branching morphogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation during fetal pulmonary development". Development 128 (4): 503–11. PMID 11171334.
7. Rennie J (2012). Rennie & Robertson's Textbook on Neonatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-7020-3479-4.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki E, Evans T, Lowry J, Truong L, Bell DW, Testa JR, Walsh K (1997). "The human GATA-6 gene: structure, chromosomal location, and regulation of expression by tissue-specific and mitogen-responsive signals". Genomics 38 (3): 283–90. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0630. PMID 8975704.
• Huggon IC, Davies A, Gove C, Moscoso G, Moniz C, Foss Y, Farzaneh F, Towner P (1997). "Molecular cloning of human GATA-6 DNA binding protein: high levels of expression in heart and gut". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1353 (2): 98–102. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00049-3. PMID 9294001.
• Yoshida T, Sato R, Mahmood S, Kawasaki S, Futai M, Maeda M (1997). "GATA-6 DNA binding protein expressed in human gastric adenocarcinoma MKN45 cells". FEBS Lett. 414 (2): 333–7. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01017-X. PMID 9315713.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Wada H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T, Kakita T, Yanazume T, Sasayama S (2000). "A p300 protein as a coactivator of GATA-6 in the transcription of the smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain gene". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25330–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000828200. PMID 10851229.
• Crawford SE, Qi C, Misra P, Stellmach V, Rao MS, Engel JD, Zhu Y, Reddy JK (2002). "Defects of the heart, eye, and megakaryocytes in peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-binding protein (PBP) null embryos implicate GATA family of transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3585–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107995200. PMID 11724781.
• Liu C, Glasser SW, Wan H, Whitsett JA (2002). "GATA-6 and thyroid transcription factor-1 directly interact and regulate surfactant protein-C gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (6): 4519–25. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107585200. PMID 11733512.
• Kiiveri S, Liu J, Westerholm-Ormio M, Narita N, Wilson DB, Voutilainen R, Heikinheimo M (2003). "Transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 during mouse and human adrenocortical development". Endocr. Res. 28 (4): 647–50. doi:10.1081/ERC-120016980. PMID 12530677.
• Chang DF, Belaguli NS, Iyer D, Roberts WB, Wu SP, Dong XR, Marx JG, Moore MS, Beckerle MC, Majesky MW, Schwartz RJ (2003). "Cysteine-rich LIM-only proteins CRP1 and CRP2 are potent smooth muscle differentiation cofactors". Dev. Cell 4 (1): 107–18. doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00396-9. PMID 12530967.
• Nemer G, Nemer M (2003). "Transcriptional activation of BMP-4 and regulation of mammalian organogenesis by GATA-4 and -6". Dev. Biol. 254 (1): 131–48. doi:10.1016/S0012-1606(02)00026-X. PMID 12606287.
• Abe M, Hasegawa K, Wada H, Morimoto T, Yanazume T, Kawamura T, Hirai M, Furukawa Y, Kita T (2003). "GATA-6 is involved in PPARgamma-mediated activation of differentiated phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23 (3): 404–10. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000059405.51042.A0. PMID 12615657.
• Ketola I, Toppari J, Vaskivuo T, Herva R, Tapanainen JS, Heikinheimo M (2003). "Transcription factor GATA-6, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in human fetal testis". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (4): 1858–65. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021647. PMID 12679484.
• Siltanen S, Heikkilä P, Bielinska M, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M (2004). "Transcription factor GATA-6 is expressed in malignant endoderm of pediatric yolk sac tumors and in teratomas". Pediatr. Res. 54 (4): 542–6. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000081295.56529.E9. PMID 12867597.
• Liu C, Ikegami M, Stahlman MT, Dey CR, Whitsett JA (2003). "Inhibition of alveolarization and altered pulmonary mechanics in mice expressing GATA-6". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 285 (6): L1246–54. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00443.2002 (inactive 2015-01-01). PMID 12909592.
• Benchabane H, Wrana JL (2003). "GATA- and Smad1-Dependent Enhancers in the Smad7 Gene Differentially Interpret Bone Morphogenetic Protein Concentrations". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (18): 6646–61. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.18.6646-6661.2003. PMC: 193708. PMID 12944489.
• Jimenez P, Saner K, Mayhew B, Rainey WE (2003). "GATA-6 is expressed in the human adrenal and regulates transcription of genes required for adrenal androgen biosynthesis". Endocrinology 144 (10): 4285–8. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0472. PMID 12959982.
• Saner KJ, Suzuki T, Sasano H, Pizzey J, Ho C, Strauss JF, Carr BR, Rainey WE (2005). "Steroid sulfotransferase 2A1 gene transcription is regulated by steroidogenic factor 1 and GATA-6 in the human adrenal". Mol. Endocrinol. 19 (1): 184–97. doi:10.1210/me.2003-0332. PMID 15388788.
• Kiiveri S, Liu J, Heikkilä P, Arola J, Lehtonen E, Voutilainen R, Heikinheimo M (2005). "Transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 in human adrenocortical tumors". Endocr. Res. 30 (4): 919–23. doi:10.1081/ERC-200044149. PMID 15666845.

External links

• GATA6 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)