USF1

Upstream transcription factor 1
PDB rendering based on 1an4.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1AN4​
Identifiers
Symbols	USF1 ; FCHL; FCHL1; HYPLIP1; MLTF; MLTFI; UEF; bHLHb11
External IDs	OMIM: 191523 MGI: 99542 HomoloGene: 31426 GeneCards: USF1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • double-stranded DNA binding • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding • protein binding • enzyme binding • protein kinase binding • protein homodimerization activity • histone deacetylase binding • bHLH transcription factor binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • protein heterodimerization activity Cellular component • nucleus • nucleoplasm • transcription factor complex Biological process • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose • response to hypoxia • glucose metabolic process • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • response to UV • late viral transcription • cellular response to insulin stimulus • glucose homeostasis • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • carbon catabolite regulation of transcription • negative regulation of fibrinolysis • lipid homeostasis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	7391	22278
Ensembl	ENSG00000158773	ENSMUSG00000026641
UniProt	P22415	Q61069
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001276373	NM_001305676
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001263302	NP_001292605
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 161.04 – 161.05 Mb	Chr 1: 171.41 – 171.42 Mb
PubMed search

Upstream stimulatory factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the USF1 gene.^[1][2]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family and can function as a cellular transcription factor. The encoded protein can activate transcription through pyrimidine-rich initiator (Inr) elements and E-box motifs. This gene has been linked to familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL). Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[2]

A study of mice suggested reduced USF1 levels increases metabolism in brown fat.^[3]

Interactions

USF1 (human gene) has been shown to interact with USF2,^[4][5] FOSL1^[6] and GTF2I.^[7][8]

References

1. Shieh BH, Sparkes RS, Gaynor RB, Lusis AJ (Apr 1993). "Localization of the gene-encoding upstream stimulatory factor (USF) to human chromosome 1q22-q23". Genomics 16 (1): 266–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1174. PMID 8486371.
2. "Entrez Gene: USF1 upstream transcription factor 1".
3. Laurila PP, Soronen J, Kooijman S, Forsström S, Boon MR, Surakka I, et al. (2016). "USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health". Science Translational Medicine 8 (323): 323ra13. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aad0015. PMID 26819196.
4. Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Molecular Systems Biology 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.
5. Viollet B, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Henrion A, Kahn A, Raymondjean M, Martinez A (Jan 1996). "Immunochemical characterization and transacting properties of upstream stimulatory factor isoforms". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (3): 1405–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.3.1405. PMID 8576131.
6. Pognonec P, Boulukos KE, Aperlo C, Fujimoto M, Ariga H, Nomoto A, Kato H (May 1997). "Cross-family interaction between the bHLHZip USF and bZip Fra1 proteins results in down-regulation of AP1 activity". Oncogene 14 (17): 2091–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201046. PMID 9160889.
7. Roy AL, Du H, Gregor PD, Novina CD, Martinez E, Roeder RG (Dec 1997). "Cloning of an inr- and E-box-binding protein, TFII-I, that interacts physically and functionally with USF1". The EMBO Journal 16 (23): 7091–104. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.7091. PMC 1170311. PMID 9384587.
8. Roy AL, Meisterernst M, Pognonec P, Roeder RG (Nov 1991). "Cooperative interaction of an initiator-binding transcription initiation factor and the helix-loop-helix activator USF". Nature 354 (6350): 245–8. doi:10.1038/354245a0. PMID 1961251.

Further reading

• Corre S, Galibert MD (Jan 2006). "[USF as a key regulatory element of gene expression]". Médecine Sciences 22 (1): 62–7. doi:10.1051/medsci/200622162. PMID 16386222.
• Lee JC, Lusis AJ, Pajukanta P (Apr 2006). "Familial combined hyperlipidemia: upstream transcription factor 1 and beyond". Current Opinion in Lipidology 17 (2): 101–9. doi:10.1097/01.mol.0000217890.54875.13. PMID 16531745.
• Roy AL, Meisterernst M, Pognonec P, Roeder RG (Nov 1991). "Cooperative interaction of an initiator-binding transcription initiation factor and the helix-loop-helix activator USF". Nature 354 (6350): 245–8. doi:10.1038/354245a0. PMID 1961251.
• Gregor PD, Sawadogo M, Roeder RG (Oct 1990). "The adenovirus major late transcription factor USF is a member of the helix-loop-helix group of regulatory proteins and binds to DNA as a dimer". Genes & Development 4 (10): 1730–40. doi:10.1101/gad.4.10.1730. PMID 2249772.
• Henrion AA, Martinez A, Mattei MG, Kahn A, Raymondjean M (Jan 1995). "Structure, sequence, and chromosomal location of the gene for USF2 transcription factors in mouse". Genomics 25 (1): 36–43. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80107-W. PMID 7774954.
• Ferré-D'Amaré AR, Pognonec P, Roeder RG, Burley SK (Jan 1994). "Structure and function of the b/HLH/Z domain of USF". The EMBO Journal 13 (1): 180–9. PMC 394791. PMID 8306960.
• Viollet B, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Henrion A, Kahn A, Raymondjean M, Martinez A (Jan 1996). "Immunochemical characterization and transacting properties of upstream stimulatory factor isoforms". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (3): 1405–15. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.3.1405. PMID 8576131.
• Ghosh AK, Datta PK, Jacob ST (Feb 1997). "The dual role of helix-loop--helix-zipper protein USF in ribosomal RNA gene transcription in vivo". Oncogene 14 (5): 589–94. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1200866. PMID 9053857.
• Pognonec P, Boulukos KE, Aperlo C, Fujimoto M, Ariga H, Nomoto A, Kato H (May 1997). "Cross-family interaction between the bHLHZip USF and bZip Fra1 proteins results in down-regulation of AP1 activity". Oncogene 14 (17): 2091–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201046. PMID 9160889.
• Roy AL, Du H, Gregor PD, Novina CD, Martinez E, Roeder RG (Dec 1997). "Cloning of an inr- and E-box-binding protein, TFII-I, that interacts physically and functionally with USF1". The EMBO Journal 16 (23): 7091–104. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.23.7091. PMC 1170311. PMID 9384587.
• Pajukanta P, Nuotio I, Terwilliger JD, Porkka KV, Ylitalo K, Pihlajamäki J, Suomalainen AJ, Syvänen AC, Lehtimäki T, Viikari JS, Laakso M, Taskinen MR, Ehnholm C, Peltonen L (Apr 1998). "Linkage of familial combined hyperlipidaemia to chromosome 1q21-q23". Nature Genetics 18 (4): 369–73. doi:10.1038/ng0498-369. PMID 9537421.
• Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (Nov 2000). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Research 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
• Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Böcher M, Blöcker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Düsterhöft A, Beyer A, Köhrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwälder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A (Mar 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome Research 11 (3): 422–35. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMC 311072. PMID 11230166.
• Bengtsson SH, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Nilsson J, Bjursell G (Jul 2002). "Transcriptional regulation of the human carboxyl ester lipase gene in THP-1 monocytes: an E-box required for activation binds upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2". The Biochemical Journal 365 (Pt 2): 481–8. doi:10.1042/BJ20020223. PMC 1222691. PMID 11945176.
• Villavicencio EH, Yoon JW, Frank DJ, Füchtbauer EM, Walterhouse DO, Iannaccone PM (Apr 2002). "Cooperative E-box regulation of human GLI1 by TWIST and USF". Genesis 32 (4): 247–58. doi:10.1002/gene.10078. PMID 11948912.
• Coulson JM, Edgson JL, Marshall-Jones ZV, Mulgrew R, Quinn JP, Woll PJ (Feb 2003). "Upstream stimulatory factor activates the vasopressin promoter via multiple motifs, including a non-canonical E-box". The Biochemical Journal 369 (Pt 3): 549–61. doi:10.1042/BJ20021176. PMC 1223122. PMID 12403649.
• Salero E, Giménez C, Zafra F (Mar 2003). "Identification of a non-canonical E-box motif as a regulatory element in the proximal promoter region of the apolipoprotein E gene". The Biochemical Journal 370 (Pt 3): 979–86. doi:10.1042/BJ20021142. PMC 1223214. PMID 12444925.
• Pickwell GV, Shih H, Quattrochi LC (Apr 2003). "Interaction of upstream stimulatory factor proteins with an E-box located within the human CYP1A2 5'-flanking gene contributes to basal transcriptional gene activation". Biochemical Pharmacology 65 (7): 1087–96. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00037-6. PMID 12663044.

External links

• FactorBook USF1