ELK4

ELK4, ETS-domain protein (SRF accessory protein 1)
PDB rendering based on 1bc7.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1BC7​, 1BC8​, 1HBX​, 1K6O​
Identifiers
Symbols	ELK4 ; SAP1
External IDs	OMIM: 600246 MGI: 102853 HomoloGene: 1492 GeneCards: ELK4 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • core promoter binding • DNA binding • chromatin binding • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • transcription cofactor activity • protein binding • sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm Biological process • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • transcription, DNA-templated • cell differentiation • histone H3 deacetylation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	2005	13714
Ensembl	ENSG00000158711	ENSMUSG00000026436
UniProt	P28324	P41158
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001973	NM_007923
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001964	NP_031949
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 205.6 – 205.63 Mb	Chr 1: 132.01 – 132.03 Mb
PubMed search

ETS domain-containing protein Elk-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELK4 gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

This gene is a member of the Ets family of transcription factors and of the ternary complex factor (TCF) subfamily. Proteins of the TCF subfamily form a ternary complex by binding to the serum response factor and the serum response element in the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated by the kinases, MAPK1 and MAPK8. Several transcript variants have been described for this gene.^[3]

Interactions

ELK4 has been shown to interact with:

• BRCA1,^[4] and
• Serum response factor^[5][6]

References

1. Shipley J, Sheer D, Dalton S, Treisman R, Patel K (Mar 1995). "Mapping of the human SAP1 (SRF accessory protein 1) gene and SAP2, a gene encoding a related protein, to chromosomal bands 1q32 and 12q23, respectively". Genomics 23 (3): 710–1. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1564. PMID 7851904.
2. Giovane A, Sobieszczuk P, Mignon C, Mattei MG, Wasylyk B (Mar 1996). "Locations of the ets subfamily members net, elk1, and sap1 (ELK3, ELK1, and ELK4) on three homologous regions of the mouse and human genomes". Genomics 29 (3): 769–72. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9938. PMID 8575773.
3. "Entrez Gene: ELK4 ELK4, ETS-domain protein (SRF accessory protein 1)".
4. Chai Y, Chipitsyna G, Cui J, Liao B, Liu S, Aysola K, Yezdani M, Reddy ES, Rao VN (Mar 2001). "c-Fos oncogene regulator Elk-1 interacts with BRCA1 splice variants BRCA1a/1b and enhances BRCA1a/1b-mediated growth suppression in breast cancer cells". Oncogene 20 (11): 1357–67. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204256. PMID 11313879.
5. Hassler M, Richmond TJ (Jun 2001). "The B-box dominates SAP-1-SRF interactions in the structure of the ternary complex". EMBO J. 20 (12): 3018–28. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.12.3018. PMC 150215. PMID 11406578.
6. Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (Sep 1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4957–66. PMC 232347. PMID 9271374.

Further reading

• Sharrocks AD, Brown AL, Ling Y, Yates PR (1998). "The ETS-domain transcription factor family". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29 (12): 1371–87. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00086-1. PMID 9570133.
• Wasylyk B, Hagman J, Gutierrez-Hartmann A (1998). "Ets transcription factors: nuclear effectors of the Ras-MAP-kinase signaling pathway". Trends Biochem. Sci. 23 (6): 213–6. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(98)01211-0. PMID 9644975.
• Dalton S, Treisman R (1992). "Characterization of SAP-1, a protein recruited by serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element". Cell 68 (3): 597–612. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90194-H. PMID 1339307.
• Price MA, Rogers AE, Treisman R (1995). "Comparative analysis of the ternary complex factors Elk-1, SAP-1a and SAP-2 (ERP/NET)". EMBO J. 14 (11): 2589–601. PMC 398373. PMID 7540136.
• Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, Fuldner RA, Bult CJ, Lee NH, Kirkness EF, Weinstock KG, Gocayne JD, White O (1995). "Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence" (PDF). Nature 377 (6547 Suppl): 3–174. PMID 7566098.
• Dalton S, Treisman R (1994). "Characterization of SAP-1, a protein recruited by serum response factor to the c-fos serum response element" (PDF). Cell 76 (2): 411. PMID 8293474.
• Janknecht R, Hunter T (1997). "Activation of the Sap-1a transcription factor by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (7): 4219–24. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.7.4219. PMID 9020136.
• Janknecht R, Hunter T (1997). "Convergence of MAP kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor Sap-1a". EMBO J. 16 (7): 1620–7. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.7.1620. PMC 1169766. PMID 9130707.
• Stein B, Yang MX, Young DB, Janknecht R, Hunter T, Murray BW, Barbosa MS (1997). "p38-2, a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase with distinct properties". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (31): 19509–17. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19509. PMID 9235954.
• Mo Y, Vaessen B, Johnston K, Marmorstein R (1998). "Structures of SAP-1 bound to DNA targets from the E74 and c-fos promoters: insights into DNA sequence discrimination by Ets proteins". Mol. Cell 2 (2): 201–12. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80130-6. PMID 9734357.
• Yates PR, Atherton GT, Deed RW, Norton JD, Sharrocks AD (1999). "Id helix-loop-helix proteins inhibit nucleoprotein complex formation by the TCF ETS-domain transcription factors". EMBO J. 18 (4): 968–76. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.4.968. PMC 1171189. PMID 10022839.
• Kamakura S, Moriguchi T, Nishida E (1999). "Activation of the protein kinase ERK5/BMK1 by receptor tyrosine kinases. Identification and characterization of a signaling pathway to the nucleus". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (37): 26563–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.37.26563. PMID 10473620.
• Chai Y, Chipitsyna G, Cui J, Liao B, Liu S, Aysola K, Yezdani M, Reddy ES, Rao VN (2001). "c-Fos oncogene regulator Elk-1 interacts with BRCA1 splice variants BRCA1a/1b and enhances BRCA1a/1b-mediated growth suppression in breast cancer cells". Oncogene 20 (11): 1357–67. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204256. PMID 11313879.
• Hassler M, Richmond TJ (2001). "The B-box dominates SAP-1-SRF interactions in the structure of the ternary complex". EMBO J. 20 (12): 3018–28. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.12.3018. PMC 150215. PMID 11406578.
• Mo Y, Ho W, Johnston K, Marmorstein R (2002). "Crystal structure of a ternary SAP-1/SRF/c-fos SRE DNA complex". J. Mol. Biol. 314 (3): 495–506. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5138. PMID 11846562.

External links

• ELK4 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• FactorBook ELK4

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.