LMX1A

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha
Identifiers
Symbols	LMX1A ; LMX1; LMX1.1
External IDs	OMIM: 600298 MGI: 1888519 HomoloGene: 24921 GeneCards: LMX1A Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • zinc ion binding • sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • nucleus Biological process • regulation of cell growth • transcription, DNA-templated • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • axon guidance • dentate gyrus development • cerebellum development • central nervous system neuron differentiation • midbrain development • negative regulation of neuron differentiation • dopaminergic neuron differentiation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4009	110648
Ensembl	ENSG00000162761	ENSMUSG00000026686
UniProt	Q8TE12	Q9JKU8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001033507	NM_033652
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001167540	NP_387501
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 165.2 – 165.36 Mb	Chr 1: 167.69 – 167.85 Mb
PubMed search

LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha, also known as LMX1A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the LMX1A gene.^[1][2]

Function

Insulin is produced exclusively by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The level and beta-cell specificity of insulin gene expression are regulated by a set of nuclear genes that bind to specific sequences within the promoter of the insulin gene INS and interact with RNA polymerase to activate or repress transcription. LMX1 is a LIM homeobox transcription factor that binds an A/T-rich sequence in the insulin promoter and stimulates transcription of insulin.^[3]

Interactions

LMX1A has been shown to interact with TCF3^[4] and LHX3.^[5]

References

1. "Entrez Gene: LMX1A LIM homeobox transcription factor 1, alpha".
2. German MS, Wang J, Fernald AA, Espinosa R, Le Beau MM, Bell GI (November 1994). "Localization of the genes encoding two transcription factors, LMX1 and CDX3, regulating insulin gene expression to human chromosomes 1 and 13". Genomics 24 (2): 403–4. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1639. PMID 7698771.
3. "Entrez Gene: LMX1A".
4. Johnson JD, Zhang W, Rudnick A, Rutter WJ, German MS (Jul 1997). "Transcriptional synergy between LIM-homeodomain proteins and basic helix-loop-helix proteins: the LIM2 domain determines specificity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (7): 3488–96. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.7.3488. PMC 232202. PMID 9199284.
5. Jurata LW, Pfaff SL, Gill GN (Feb 1998). "The nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI mediates homo- and heterodimerization of LIM domain transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (6): 3152–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.6.3152. PMID 9452425.

Further reading

• German MS, Wang J, Chadwick RB, Rutter WJ (1992). "Synergistic activation of the insulin gene by a LIM-homeo domain protein and a basic helix-loop-helix protein: building a functional insulin minienhancer complex". Genes Dev. 6 (11): 2165–76. doi:10.1101/gad.6.11.2165. PMID 1358758.
• German MS, Wang J, Fernald AA, Espinosa R, Le Beau MM, Bell GI (1994). "Localization of the genes encoding two transcription factors, LMX1 and CDX3, regulating insulin gene expression to human chromosomes 1 and 13". Genomics 24 (2): 403–4. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1639. PMID 7698771.
• Jurata LW, Gill GN (1997). "Functional analysis of the nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (10): 5688–98. PMC 232417. PMID 9315627.
• Iannotti CA, Inoue H, Bernal E, Aoki M, Liu L, Donis-Keller H, German MS, Permutt MA (1997). "Identification of a human LMX1 (LMX1.1)-related gene, LMX1.2: tissue-specific expression and linkage mapping on chromosome 9". Genomics 46 (3): 520–4. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.5075. PMID 9441763.
• Jurata LW, Pfaff SL, Gill GN (1998). "The nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI mediates homo- and heterodimerization of LIM domain transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (6): 3152–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.6.3152. PMID 9452425.
• Thameem F, Wolford JK, Wang J, German MS, Bogardus C, Prochazka M (2002). "Cloning, expression and genomic structure of human LMX1A, and variant screening in Pima Indians". Gene 290 (1-2): 217–25. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00582-6. PMID 12062816.
• Millen KJ, Millonig JH, Hatten ME (2004). "Roof plate and dorsal spinal cord dl1 interneuron development in the dreher mutant mouse". Dev. Biol. 270 (2): 382–92. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.03.008. PMID 15183721.
• Hassel S, Eichner A, Yakymovych M, Hellman U, Knaus P, Souchelnytskyi S (2004). "Proteins associated with type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR-II) and identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry". Proteomics 4 (5): 1346–58. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300770. PMID 15188402.