LHX3

LIM homeobox 3
Identifiers
Symbols	LHX3 ; CPHD3; LIM3; M2-LHX3
External IDs	OMIM: 600577 MGI: 102673 HomoloGene: 7814 GeneCards: LHX3 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding • zinc ion binding • sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • nucleus • transcription factor complex Biological process • placenta development • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • motor neuron axon guidance • organ morphogenesis • spinal cord motor neuron cell fate specification • ventral spinal cord interneuron specification • medial motor column neuron differentiation • spinal cord association neuron differentiation • pituitary gland development • lung development • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • inner ear development Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8022	16871
Ensembl	ENSG00000107187	ENSMUSG00000026934
UniProt	Q9UBR4	P50481
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_014564	NM_001039653
RefSeq (protein)	NP_055379	NP_001034742
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 136.2 – 136.21 Mb	Chr 2: 26.2 – 26.21 Mb
PubMed search

LIM/homeobox protein Lhx3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LHX3 gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

LHX3 encodes a protein of a large protein family, members of which carry the LIM domain, a unique cysteine-rich zinc-binding domain. The encoded protein is a transcription factor that is required for pituitary development and motor neuron specification. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[3]

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene have been associated with a syndrome of combined pituitary hormone deficiency and rigid cervical spine.^[3]

Interactions

LHX3 has been shown to interact with Ldb1.^[4]

References

1. Sloop KW, Meier BC, Bridwell JL, Parker GE, Schiller AM, Rhodes SJ (Jan 2000). "Differential activation of pituitary hormone genes by human Lhx3 isoforms with distinct DNA binding properties". Mol Endocrinol 13 (12): 2212–25. doi:10.1210/me.13.12.2212. PMID 10598593.
2. Sloop KW, Showalter AD, Von Kap-Herr C, Pettenati MJ, Rhodes SJ (May 2000). "Analysis of the human LHX3 neuroendocrine transcription factor gene and mapping to the subtelomeric region of chromosome 9". Gene 245 (2): 237–43. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00025-1. PMID 10717474.
3. "Entrez Gene: LHX3 LIM homeobox 3".
4. Jurata LW, Pfaff SL, Gill GN (February 1998). "The nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI mediates homo- and heterodimerization of LIM domain transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (6): 3152–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.6.3152. PMID 9452425.

Further reading

• Zhadanov AB, Bertuzzi S, Taira M, et al. (1995). "Expression pattern of the murine LIM class homeobox gene Lhx3 in subsets of neural and neuroendocrine tissues". Dev. Dyn. 202 (4): 354–64. doi:10.1002/aja.1002020405. PMID 7626792.
• Zhadanov AB, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, et al. (1995). "Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the mouse LIM/homeobox gene Lhx3". Genomics 27 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1004. PMID 7665181.
• Jurata LW, Pfaff SL, Gill GN (1998). "The nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI mediates homo- and heterodimerization of LIM domain transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (6): 3152–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.6.3152. PMID 9452425.
• Bach I, Rodriguez-Esteban C, Carrière C, et al. (1999). "RLIM inhibits functional activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors via recruitment of the histone deacetylase complex". Nat. Genet. 22 (4): 394–9. doi:10.1038/11970. PMID 10431247.
• Glenn DJ, Maurer RA (2000). "MRG1 binds to the LIM domain of Lhx2 and may function as a coactivator to stimulate glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (51): 36159–67. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.51.36159. PMID 10593900.
• Howard PW, Maurer RA (2000). "Identification of a conserved protein that interacts with specific LIM homeodomain transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (18): 13336–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.18.13336. PMID 10788441.
• Parker GE, Sandoval RM, Feister HA, et al. (2000). "The homeodomain coordinates nuclear entry of the Lhx3 neuroendocrine transcription factor and association with the nuclear matrix". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (31): 23891–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000377200. PMID 10818088.
• Netchine I, Sobrier ML, Krude H, et al. (2000). "Mutations in LHX3 result in a new syndrome revealed by combined pituitary hormone deficiency". Nat. Genet. 25 (2): 182–6. doi:10.1038/76041. PMID 10835633.
• Schmitt S, Biason-Lauber A, Betts D, Schoenle EJ (2000). "Genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern of the human LIM-homeobox3 (LHX 3) gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 274 (1): 49–56. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3038. PMID 10903894.
• Sloop KW, Dwyer CJ, Rhodes SJ (2001). "An isoform-specific inhibitory domain regulates the LHX3 LIM homeodomain factor holoprotein and the production of a functional alternate translation form". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (39): 36311–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103888200. PMID 11470784.
• Ostendorff HP, Peirano RI, Peters MA, et al. (2002). "Ubiquitination-dependent cofactor exchange on LIM homeodomain transcription factors". Nature 416 (6876): 99–103. doi:10.1038/416099a. PMID 11882901.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• van Meyel DJ, Thomas JB, Agulnick AD (2003). "Ssdp proteins bind to LIM-interacting co-factors and regulate the activity of LIM-homeodomain protein complexes in vivo". Development 130 (9): 1915–25. doi:10.1242/dev.00389. PMID 12642495.
• Kim SS, Kim Y, Shin YL, et al. (2004). "Clinical characteristics and molecular analysis of PIT1, PROP1,LHX3, and HESX1 in combined pituitary hormone deficiency patients with abnormal pituitary MR imaging". Horm. Res. 60 (6): 277–83. doi:10.1159/000074245. PMID 14646405.
• Dattani MT (2004). "Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome: a novel pituitary phenotype due to mutation in a novel gene". J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 16 (9): 1207–9. doi:10.1515/jpem.2003.16.9.1207. PMID 14714741.
• West BE, Parker GE, Savage JJ, et al. (2004). "Regulation of the follicle-stimulating hormone beta gene by the LHX3 LIM-homeodomain transcription factor". Endocrinology 145 (11): 4866–79. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0598. PMID 15271874.
• Parker GE, West BE, Witzmann FA, Rhodes SJ (2005). "Serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphorylation of the LHX3 LIM-homeodomain transcription factor". J. Cell. Biochem. 94 (1): 67–80. doi:10.1002/jcb.20287. PMID 15517599.
• Sobrier ML, Attié-Bitach T, Netchine I, et al. (2006). "Pathophysiology of syndromic combined pituitary hormone deficiency due to a LHX3 defect in light of LHX3 and LHX4 expression during early human development". Gene Expr. Patterns 5 (2): 279–84. doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2004.07.003. PMID 15567726.

External links

• LHX3 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.