Retinoic acid receptor alpha

Retinoic acid receptor, alpha

PDB rendering based on 1dkf.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1DKF, 1DSZ, 3A9E, 3KMR, 3KMZ, 4DQM

Identifiers

Symbols

RARA ; NR1B1; RAR

External IDs

OMIM: 180240 MGI: 97856 HomoloGene: 20262 IUPHAR: 590 ChEMBL: 2055 GeneCards: RARA Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding • retinoic acid binding • transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding • steroid hormone receptor activity • retinoic acid receptor activity • transcription coactivator activity • transcription corepressor activity • receptor binding • protein binding • transcription factor binding • zinc ion binding • enzyme binding • protein domain specific binding • chromatin DNA binding • protein kinase B binding • retinoic acid-responsive element binding • protein heterodimerization activity • protein kinase A binding • alpha-actinin binding
Cellular component	• nuclear chromatin • nucleus • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm • cell surface • actin cytoskeleton • dendrite • neuronal cell body
Biological process	• negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • ureteric bud development • neural tube closure • glandular epithelial cell development • outflow tract septum morphogenesis • growth plate cartilage development • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • protein phosphorylation • signal transduction • germ cell development • spermatogenesis • positive regulation of cell proliferation • gene expression • negative regulation of granulocyte differentiation • embryonic camera-type eye development • response to retinoic acid • negative regulation of interferon-gamma production • negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production • positive regulation of interleukin-13 production • positive regulation of interleukin-4 production • positive regulation of interleukin-5 production • multicellular organism growth • negative regulation of apoptotic process • apoptotic cell clearance • steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway • positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation • positive regulation of cell cycle • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • negative regulation of translational initiation • retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of binding • ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation • Sertoli cell fate commitment • limb development • face development • trachea cartilage development • chondroblast differentiation • negative regulation of cartilage development • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide • cellular response to retinoic acid • cellular response to estrogen stimulus
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 17:
40.31 – 40.36 Mb

Chr 11:
98.93 – 98.97 Mb

PubMed search

Retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR-α), also known as NR1B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RARA gene.^[1]^[2]

Function

Retinoid signaling is transduced by 2 families of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), which form RXR/RAR heterodimers. In the absence of ligand, DNA-bound RXR/RARA represses transcription by recruiting the corepressors NCOR1, SMRT (NCOR2), and histone deacetylase. When ligand binds to the complex, it induces a conformational change allowing the recruitment of coactivators, histone acetyltransferases, and the basic transcription machinery.^[3]

Clinical significance

Translocations that always involve rearrangement of the RARA gene are a cardinal feature of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; MIM 612376). The most frequent translocation is t(15,17)(q21;q22), which fuses the RARA gene with the PML gene.^[4]

Interactions

Retinoic acid receptor alpha has been shown to interact with:

References

↑ Giguere V, Ong ES, Segui P, Evans RM (1987). "Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid". Nature 330 (6149): 624–9. doi:10.1038/330624a0. PMID 2825036.
↑ Anderson LA, Friedman L, Osborne-Lawrence S, Lynch E, Weissenbach J, Bowcock A, King MC (September 1993). "High-density genetic map of the BRCA1 region of chromosome 17q12-q21". Genomics 17 (3): 618–23. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1381. PMID 8244378.
↑ "Entrez Gene: retinoic acid receptor".
↑ Vitoux D, Nasr R, de The H (2007). "Acute promyelocytic leukemia: new issues on pathogenesis and treatment response". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 39 (6): 1063–70. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2007.01.028. PMID 17468032.
↑ Liu R, Takayama S, Zheng Y, Froesch B, Chen GQ, Zhang X, Reed JC, Zhang XK (July 1998). "Interaction of BAG-1 with retinoic acid receptor and its inhibition of retinoic acid-induced apoptosis in cancer cells". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (27): 16985–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.27.16985. PMID 9642262.
1 2 McNamara P, Seo SB, Rudic RD, Sehgal A, Chakravarti D, FitzGerald GA (June 2001). "Regulation of CLOCK and MOP4 by nuclear hormone receptors in the vasculature: a humoral mechanism to reset a peripheral clock". Cell 105 (7): 877–89. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00401-9. PMID 11439184.
↑ Despouy G, Bastie JN, Deshaies S, Balitrand N, Mazharian A, Rochette-Egly C, Chomienne C, Delva L (February 2003). "Cyclin D3 is a cofactor of retinoic acid receptors, modulating their activity in the presence of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (8): 6355–62. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210697200. PMID 12482873.
↑ Lee SK, Jung SY, Kim YS, Na SY, Lee YC, Lee JW (February 2001). "Two distinct nuclear receptor-interaction domains and CREB-binding protein-dependent transactivation function of activating signal cointegrator-2". Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (2): 241–54. doi:10.1210/me.15.2.241. PMID 11158331.
↑ Lee SK, Anzick SL, Choi JE, Bubendorf L, Guan XY, Jung YK, Kallioniemi OP, Kononen J, Trent JM, Azorsa D, Jhun BH, Cheong JH, Lee YC, Meltzer PS, Lee JW (November 1999). "A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (48): 34283–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.48.34283. PMID 10567404.
↑ Ko L, Cardona GR, Chin WW (May 2000). "Thyroid hormone receptor-binding protein, an LXXLL motif-containing protein, functions as a general coactivator". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (11): 6212–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.11.6212. PMC 18584. PMID 10823961.
↑ Dowell P, Ishmael JE, Avram D, Peterson VJ, Nevrivy DJ, Leid M (May 1999). "Identification of nuclear receptor corepressor as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha interacting protein". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (22): 15901–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.22.15901. PMID 10336495.
↑ Guidez F, Ivins S, Zhu J, Söderström M, Waxman S, Zelent A (April 1998). "Reduced retinoic acid-sensitivities of nuclear receptor corepressor binding to PML- and PLZF-RARalpha underlie molecular pathogenesis and treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia". Blood 91 (8): 2634–42. PMID 9531570.
↑ Dong S, Tweardy DJ (April 2002). "Interactions of STAT5b-RARalpha, a novel acute promyelocytic leukemia fusion protein, with retinoic acid receptor and STAT3 signaling pathways". Blood 99 (8): 2637–46. doi:10.1182/blood.V99.8.2637. PMID 11929748.
↑ Hong SH, David G, Wong CW, Dejean A, Privalsky ML (August 1997). "SMRT corepressor interacts with PLZF and with the PML-retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) and PLZF-RARalpha oncoproteins associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (17): 9028–33. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9028. PMC 23013. PMID 9256429.
↑ Hu X, Chen Y, Farooqui M, Thomas MC, Chiang CM, Wei LN (January 2004). "Suppressive effect of receptor-interacting protein 140 on coregulator binding to retinoic acid receptor complexes, histone-modifying enzyme activity, and gene activation". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (1): 319–25. doi:10.1074/jbc.M307621200. PMID 14581481.
↑ Farooqui M, Franco PJ, Thompson J, Kagechika H, Chandraratna RA, Banaszak L, Wei LN (February 2003). "Effects of retinoid ligands on RIP140: molecular interaction with retinoid receptors and biological activity". Biochemistry 42 (4): 971–9. doi:10.1021/bi020497k. PMID 12549917.
↑ L'Horset F, Dauvois S, Heery DM, Cavaillès V, Parker MG (November 1996). "RIP-140 interacts with multiple nuclear receptors by means of two distinct sites". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (11): 6029–36. PMC 231605. PMID 8887632.
↑ Seol W, Choi HS, Moore DD (May 1996). "An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors". Science 272 (5266): 1336–9. doi:10.1126/science.272.5266.1336. PMID 8650544.
↑ Seol W, Hanstein B, Brown M, Moore DD (October 1998). "Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP (short heterodimer partner)". Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (10): 1551–7. doi:10.1210/me.12.10.1551. PMID 9773978.
↑ Perlmann T, Jansson L (April 1995). "A novel pathway for vitamin A signaling mediated by RXR heterodimerization with NGFI-B and NURR1". Genes Dev. 9 (7): 769–82. doi:10.1101/gad.9.7.769. PMID 7705655.
↑ Zhong S, Delva L, Rachez C, Cenciarelli C, Gandini D, Zhang H, Kalantry S, Freedman LP, Pandolfi PP (November 1999). "A RA-dependent, tumour-growth suppressive transcription complex is the target of the PML-RARalpha and T18 oncoproteins". Nat. Genet. 23 (3): 287–95. doi:10.1038/15463. PMID 10610177.
↑ Benkoussa M, Brand C, Delmotte MH, Formstecher P, Lefebvre P (July 2002). "Retinoic acid receptors inhibit AP1 activation by regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase and CBP recruitment to an AP1-responsive promoter". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (13): 4522–34. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.13.4522-4534.2002. PMC 133906. PMID 12052862.
↑ Bugge TH, Pohl J, Lonnoy O, Stunnenberg HG (April 1992). "RXR alpha, a promiscuous partner of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors". EMBO J. 11 (4): 1409–18. PMC 556590. PMID 1314167.
↑ Kim HJ, Yi JY, Sung HS, Moore DD, Jhun BH, Lee YC, Lee JW (September 1999). "Activating signal cointegrator 1, a novel transcription coactivator of nuclear receptors, and its cytosolic localization under conditions of serum deprivation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (9): 6323–32. PMC 84603. PMID 10454579.
↑ He B, Wilson EM (March 2003). "Electrostatic modulation in steroid receptor recruitment of LXXLL and FXXLF motifs". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (6): 2135–50. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.2135-2150.2003. PMC 149467. PMID 12612084.
↑ Zeng M, Kumar A, Meng G, Gao Q, Dimri G, Wazer D, Band H, Band V (November 2002). "Human papilloma virus 16 E6 oncoprotein inhibits retinoic X receptor-mediated transactivation by targeting human ADA3 coactivator". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (47): 45611–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208447200. PMID 12235159.
↑ Martin PJ, Delmotte MH, Formstecher P, Lefebvre P (September 2003). "PLZF is a negative regulator of retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activity". Nucl. Recept. 1 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/1478-1336-1-6. PMC 212040. PMID 14521715.

Petkovich M, Brand NJ, Krust A, Chambon P (1988). "A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors". Nature 330 (6147): 444–50. doi:10.1038/330444a0. PMID 2825025.
Sirulnik A, Melnick A, Zelent A, Licht JD (2003). "Molecular pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukaemia and APL variants". Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 16 (3): 387–408. doi:10.1016/S1521-6926(03)00062-8. PMID 12935958.
Kliewer SA, Umesono K, Mangelsdorf DJ, Evans RM (1992). "Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signalling". Nature 355 (6359): 446–9. doi:10.1038/355446a0. PMID 1310351.
Kastner P, Perez A, Lutz Y, Rochette-Egly C, Gaub MP, Durand B, Lanotte M, Berger R, Chambon P (1992). "Structure, localization and transcriptional properties of two classes of retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion proteins in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): structural similarities with a new family of oncoproteins". EMBO J. 11 (2): 629–42. PMC 556495. PMID 1311253.
Baniahmad A, Köhne AC, Renkawitz R (1992). "A transferable silencing domain is present in the thyroid hormone receptor, in the v-erbA oncogene product and in the retinoic acid receptor". EMBO J. 11 (3): 1015–23. PMC 556542. PMID 1347744.
de Thé H, Lavau C, Marchio A, Chomienne C, Degos L, Dejean A (1991). "The PML-RAR alpha fusion mRNA generated by the t(15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia encodes a functionally altered RAR". Cell 66 (4): 675–84. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90113-D. PMID 1652369.
de Thé H, Chomienne C, Lanotte M, Degos L, Dejean A (1990). "The t(15;17) translocation of acute promyelocytic leukaemia fuses the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene to a novel transcribed locus". Nature 347 (6293): 558–61. doi:10.1038/347558a0. PMID 2170850.
Brand NJ, Petkovich M, Chambon P (1990). "Characterization of a functional promoter for the human retinoic acid receptor-alpha (hRAR-alpha)". Nucleic Acids Res. 18 (23): 6799–806. doi:10.1093/nar/18.23.6799. PMC 332734. PMID 2175878.
Borrow J, Goddard AD, Sheer D, Solomon E (1990). "Molecular analysis of acute promyelocytic leukemia breakpoint cluster region on chromosome 17". Science 249 (4976): 1577–80. doi:10.1126/science.2218500. PMID 2218500.
Arveiler B, Petkovich M, Mandel JL, Chambon P (1988). "A PstI RFLP for the human retinoic acid receptor in 17q21". Nucleic Acids Res. 16 (13): 6252. doi:10.1093/nar/16.13.6252. PMC 336887. PMID 2899875.
Chen JD, Evans RM (1995). "A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors". Nature 377 (6548): 454–7. doi:10.1038/377454a0. PMID 7566127.
Fisher GJ, Talwar HS, Xiao JH, Datta SC, Reddy AP, Gaub MP, Rochette-Egly C, Chambon P, Voorhees JJ (1994). "Immunological identification and functional quantitation of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptor proteins in human skin". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (32): 20629–35. PMID 8051161.
Chen Z, Guidez F, Rousselot P, Agadir A, Chen SJ, Wang ZY, Degos L, Zelent A, Waxman S, Chomienne C (1994). "PLZF-RAR alpha fusion proteins generated from the variant t(11;17)(q23;q21) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia inhibit ligand-dependent transactivation of wild-type retinoic acid receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (3): 1178–82. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.3.1178. PMC 521477. PMID 8302850.
Redner RL, Rush EA, Faas S, Rudert WA, Corey SJ (1996). "The t(5;17) variant of acute promyelocytic leukemia expresses a nucleophosmin-retinoic acid receptor fusion". Blood 87 (3): 882–6. PMID 8562957.
Kamei Y, Xu L, Heinzel T, Torchia J, Kurokawa R, Gloss B, Lin SC, Heyman RA, Rose DW, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG (1996). "A CBP integrator complex mediates transcriptional activation and AP-1 inhibition by nuclear receptors". Cell 85 (3): 403–14. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81118-6. PMID 8616895.
Liu W, Hellman P, Li Q, Yu WR, Juhlin C, Nordlinder H, Rollman O, Akerström G, Törmä H, Melhus H (1996). "Biosynthesis and function of all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid in parathyroid cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 229 (3): 922–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.1903. PMID 9005841.
Thénot S, Henriquet C, Rochefort H, Cavaillès V (1997). "Differential interaction of nuclear receptors with the putative human transcriptional coactivator hTIF1". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (18): 12062–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.18.12062. PMID 9115274.

PDB gallery

1dkf: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A HETERODIMERIC COMPLEX OF RAR AND RXR LIGAND-BINDING DOMAINS

1dsz: STRUCTURE OF THE RXR/RAR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN HETERODIMER IN COMPLEX WITH THE RETINOIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT DR1

1hra: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR-BETA DNA-BINDING DOMAIN

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)	Activating transcription factor AATF 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AP-1 c-Fos FOSB FOSL1 FOSL2 JDP2 c-Jun JUNB JunD BACH 1 2 BATF BLZF1 C/EBP α β γ δ ε ζ CREB 1 3 L1 CREM DBP DDIT3 GABPA HLF MAF B F G K NFE 2 L1 L2 L3 NFIL3 NRL NRF 1 2 3 XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)	ATOH1 AhR AHRR ARNT ASCL1 BHLH 2 3 9 ARNTL ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK EPAS1 FIGLA HAND 1 2 HES 5 6 HEY 1 2 L HES1 HIF 1A 3A ID 1 2 3 4 LYL1 MESP2 MXD4 MYCL1 MYCN Myogenic regulatory factors MyoD Myogenin MYF5 MYF6 Neurogenins 1 2 3 NeuroD 1 2 NPAS 1 2 3 OLIG 1 2 Pho4 Scleraxis SIM 1 2 TAL 1 2 Twist USF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP	AP-4 MAX MXD3 MITF MNT MLX MXI1 Myc SREBP 1 2

(1.4) NF-1	NFI A B C X SMAD R-SMAD 1 2 3 5 9 I-SMAD 6 7 4)

(1.5) RF-X	RFX 1 2 3 4 5 6 ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)	AP-2 α β γ δ ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)

subfamily 1	Thyroid hormone α β CAR FXR LXR α β PPAR α β/δ γ PXR RAR α β γ ROR α β γ Rev-ErbA α β VDR

subfamily 2	COUP-TF (I II Ear-2 HNF4 α γ PNR RXR α β γ Testicular receptor 2 4 TLX

subfamily 3	Steroid hormone Androgen Estrogen α β Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid Progesterone Estrogen related α β γ

subfamily 4	NUR NGFIB NOR1 NURR1

subfamily 5	LRH-1 SF1

subfamily 6	GCNF

subfamily 0	DAX1 SHP

(2.2) Other Cys₄

GATA
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
MTA
- 1
- 2
- 3
TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂

General transcription factors
- TFIIA
- TFIIB
- TFIID
- TFIIE
  - 1
  - 2
- TFIIF
- 1
- 2
  - TFIIH
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 2I
  - 3A
  - 3C1
  - 3C2

ATBF1
BCL
- 6
- 11A
- 11B
CTCF
E4F1
EGR
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
ERV3
GFI1
GLI-Krüppel family
- 1
- 2
- 3
- REST
- S1
- S2
- YY1
HIC
- 1
- 2
HIVEP
- 1
- 2
- 3
IKZF
- 1
- 2
- 3
ILF
- 2
- 3
KLF
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 17
MTF1
MYT1
OSR1
PRDM9
SALL
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
SP
- 1
- 2
- 4
- 7
- 8
TSHZ3
WT1
Zbtb7
- 7A
- 7B
ZBTB
- 11
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 32
- 33
- 40
zinc finger
- 3
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 19
- 22
- 24
- 33B
- 34
- 35
- 41
- 43
- 44
- 51
- 74
- 143
- 146
- 148
- 165
- 202
- 217
- 219
- 238
- 239
- 259
- 267
- 268
- 281
- 295
- 300
- 318
- 330
- 346
- 350
- 365
- 366
- 384
- 423
- 451
- 452
- 471
- 593
- 638
- 644
- 649
- 655

(2.4) Cys₆

HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition

AIRE
DIDO1
GRLF1
ING
- 1
- 2
- 4
JARID
- 1A
- 1B
- 1C
- 1D
- 2
JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY

WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

(3.1) Homeodomain	ARX CDX 1 2 CRX CUTL1 DBX 1 2 DLX 3 4 5 EMX 1 2 EN 1 2 FHL 1 2 3 HESX1 HHEX HLX Homeobox A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A13 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B13 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 D1 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 HOPX IRX 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKX LMX 1A 1B MEIS 1 2 MEOX2 MNX1 MSX 1 2 NANOG NKX 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 3-1 3-2 6-1 6-2 NOBOX PBX 1 2 3 PHF 1 3 6 8 10 16 17 20 21A PHOX 2A 2B PITX 1 2 3 POU domain PIT-1 BRN-3: A B C Octamer transcription factor: 1 2 3/4 6 7 11 OTX 1 2 PDX1 SATB2 SHOX2 SIX 1 2 3 4 5 VAX1 ZEB 1 2

(3.2) Paired box	PAX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PRRX 1 2 RAX

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix	E2F 1 2 3 4 5 FOX proteins A1 A2 A3 C1 C2 D3 D4 E1 E3 F1 G1 H1 I1 J1 J2 K1 K2 L2 M1 N1 N3 O1 O3 O4 P1 P2 P3 P4

(3.4) Heat shock factors	HSF 1 2 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters	ELF 2 4 5 EGF ELK 1 3 4 ERF ETS 1 2 ERG SPIB ETV 1 4 5 6 FLI1 Interferon regulatory factors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MYB MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain	transcriptional enhancer factor 1 2 3 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB NFKB1 NFKB2 REL RELA RELB NFAT C1 C2 C3 C4 5

(4.2) STAT	STAT 1 2 3 4 5 6

(4.3) p53	p53 TBX 1 2 3 5 19 21 22 TBR1 TBR2 TFT MYRF TP63

(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 A B C D SRF

(4.6) TATA-binding proteins	TBP TBPL1

(4.7) High-mobility group	BBX HMGB 1 2 3 4 HMGN 1 2 3 4 HNF 1A 1B LEF1 SOX 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 SRY SSRP1 TCF 3 4 TOX 1 2 3 4

(4.9) Grainyhead	TFCP2

(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA YBX1

(4.11) Runt	CBF CBFA2T2 CBFA2T3 RUNX1 RUNX2 RUNX3 RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA 1 2 HBP1

(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb RBL1 RBL2

(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 EREBP B3

(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A CAP IFI 16 35 MLL 2 3 T1 MNDA NFY A B C Rho/Sigma

see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

Nuclear receptor ligands

CAR

Agonists	5β-Dihydroprogesterone 6,7-Dimethylesculetin Amiodarone Artemisinin Benfuracarb Carbamazepine Carvedilol Chlorpromazine Chrysin CITCO Clotrimazole Cyclophosphamide Cypermethrin DHEA Efavirenz Ellagic acid Griseofulvin Methoxychlor Mifepristone Nefazodone Nevirapine Nicardipine Octicizer Permethrin Phenobarbital Phenytoin Reserpine TCPOBOP Telmisartan Tolnaftate Troglitazone Valproic acid

Antagonists	3,17β-Estradiol 3α-Androstanol 3α-Androstenol 3β-Androstanol 17-Androstanol AITC Ethinyl estradiol Meclizine Nigramide J Okadaic acid PK-11195 S-07662 T-0901317

ERR

ERRα

Agonists	6,3′,4′-Trihydroxyflavone Biochanin A Cholesterol Daidzein Genistein

Antagonists	XCT-790

ERRβ

Agonists	DY-131 GSK-4716

Antagonists	4-Hydroxytamoxifen (afimoxifene) Diethylstilbestrol

ERRγ

Agonists	Bisphenol A DY-131 GSK-4716

Antagonists	4-Hydroxytamoxifen (afimoxifene) Diethylstilbestrol

FXR

Agonists	Bile acids Cafestol Chenodeoxycholic acid Fexaramine GW-4064 Obeticholic acid

Antagonists	Guggulsterone

LXR

Agonists	22R-Hydroxycholesterol 24S-Hydroxycholesterol 27-Hydroxycholesterol Cholestenoic acid DMHCA GW-3965 Hypocholamide T-0901317

PPAR

PPARα

Agonists	15-HETE 15-HpETE Aleglitazar Aluminium clofibrate Arachidonic acid Bezafibrate Clofibrate CP-775146 Daidzein DHEA Elafibranor Fenofibrate Genistein Gemfibrozil GW-7647 Leukotriene B₄ LG-101506 LG-100754 Lobeglitazone Muraglitazar Oleylethanolamide Palmitoylethanolamide Pemafibrate Perfluorononanoic acid Perfluorooctanoic acid Pioglitazone Saroglitazar Sodelglitazar Tesaglitazar Tetradecylthioacetic acid Troglitazone WY-14643

Antagonists	GW-6471 MK-886

PPARδ

Agonists	15-HETE 15-HpETE Arachidonic acid Bezafibrate Daidzein Elafibranor Genistein GW-0742 GW-501516 L-165,041 LG-101506 MBX-8025 Sodelglitazar Tetradecylthioacetic acid

Antagonists	FH-535 GSK-0660 GSK-3787

PPARγ

Agonists	5-Oxo-ETE 5-Oxo-15-hydroxy-ETE 15-Deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J₂ 15-HETE 15-HpETE Aleglitazar Arachidonic acid Berberine Bezafibrate Ciglitazone Daidzein Darglitazone Edaglitazone Etalocib Genistein GW-1929 Ibuprofen LG-100268 LG-100754 LG-101506 Lobeglitazone Muraglitazar nTZDpa Perfluorononanoic acid Pioglitazone Prostaglandin J₂ Rosiglitazone RS5444 Saroglitazar Sodelglitazar Telmisartan Tesaglitazar Troglitazone

SPPARMs	BADGE EPI-001 INT-131 MK-0533 S26948

Antagonists	FH-535 GW-9662 SR-202 T-0070907

Unknown	SR-1664

Unselective

Agonists	Ciprofibrate Clinofibrate Clofibride Englitazone Etofibrate Farglitazar Netoglitazone Ronifibrate Rivoglitazone Simfibrate

PXR

Agonists	5α-Dihydroprogesterone 5β-Dihydroprogesterone 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Δ⁴-Androstenedione Δ⁵-Androstenediol Δ⁵-Androstenedione AA-861 Allopregnanolone Alpha-Lipoic acid Ambrisentan AMI-193 Amlodipine besylate Antimycotics Artemisinin Aurothioglucose Bile acids Bithionol Bosentan Bumecaine Cafestol Cephaloridine Cephradine Chlorpromazine Ciglitazone Clindamycin Clofenvinfos Chloroxine Clotrimazole Colforsin Corticosterone Cyclophosphamide Cyproterone acetate Demecolcine Dexamethasone DHEA DHEA-S Dibunate sodium Diclazuril Dicloxacillin Dimercaprol Dinaline Docetaxel Docusate calcium Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Dronabinol Droxidopa Eburnamonine Ecopipam Enzacamene Epothilone B Erythromycin Famprofazone Febantel Felodipine Fenbendazole Fentanyl Flucloxacillin Fluorometholone Griseofulvin Haloprogin Hetacillin potassium Hyperforin (Hypericum perforatum) Indinavir sulfate Lasalocid sodium Levothyroxine Linolenic acid LOE-908 Loratadine Lovastatin Meclizine Methacycline Methylprednisolone Metyrapone Mevastatin Mifepristone Nafcillin Nicardipine Nicotine Nifedipine Nilvadipine Nisoldipine Norelgestromin Omeprazole Orlistat Oxatomide Paclitaxel Phenobarbital Piperine Plicamycin Prednisolone Pregnanolone Pregnenolone Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile Proadifen Progesterone Reserpine Reverse triiodothyronine Rifampicin Rifaximin Rimexolone Riodipine Ritonavir Simvastatin Sirolimus Spironolactone Spiroxatrine SR-12813 Suberoylanilide Sulfisoxazole Suramin Tacrolimus Tenylidone Terconazole Testosterone isocaproate Tetracycline Thiamylal sodium Thiothixene Thonzonium bromide Tianeptine Troglitazone Troleandomycin Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate Zafirlukast Zearalanol

Antagonists	Ketoconazole

RAR

Agonists	9CDHRA 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin) AC-261066 AC-55649 Acitretin Adapalene all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin) AM-580 BMS-493 BMS-753 BMS-961 CD-1530 CD-2314 CD-437 Ch-55 EC 23 Etretinate Fenretinide Isotretinoin Palovarotene Retinoic acid Retinol (vitamin A) Tamibarotene Tazarotene Tazarotenic acid TTNPB

Antagonists	BMS-195614 BMS-493 CD-2665 ER-50891 LE-135 MM-11253

RXR

Agonists	9CDHRA 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin) all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin) Bexarotene CD 3254 Docosahexaenoic acid Fluorobexarotene Isotretinoin LG-100268 LG-101506 LG-100754 Retinoic acid Retinol (vitamin A) SR-11237

Antagonists	HX-531 HX-630 LG-100754 PA-452 UVI-3003

SHR

See here instead.

VDR

Agonists	7-Dehydrocholesterol 22-Oxacalcitriol 25-Hydroxyergocalciferol Alfacalcidol Calcifediol Calciferol Calcipotriol Calcitriol Cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) Dihydrotachysterol Doxercalciferol EB-1089 Eldecalcitol Ercalcidiol Ercalcitriol Ergocalciferol (vitamin D₂) Lithocholic acid Paricalcitol Tacalcitol

Agonists	Dextrothyroxine GC-1 Levothyroxine Liothyronine Thyroxine Tiratricol Triiodothyronine

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, September 20, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.

Retinoic acid receptor alpha

Function

Clinical significance

Interactions

See also

References

Further reading